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Valuation Implications of Unconditional Accounting Conservatism: Evidence from Analysts' Target Prices

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  • Jae B. Kim
  • Alexander Nekrasov
  • Pervin K. Shroff
  • Andreas Simon

Abstract

We examine whether financial analysts understand the valuation implications of unconditional accounting conservatism when forecasting target prices. While accounting conservatism affects reported earnings, conservatism per se does not have an effect on the present value of future cash flows. We examine whether analysts adjust for the effect of conservatism included in their earnings forecasts when using these forecasts to estimate target prices. We find that signed target price errors (actual minus forecast) have a significant positive association with the degree of conservatism in forward earnings, suggesting that target prices are biased due to accounting conservatism. Cross‐sectional analysis suggests that more sophisticated analysts and superior long‐term forecasters adjust for conservatism to a greater extent than other analysts. In additional analyses, we explore the mechanism through which conservatism leads to bias in target prices. We first show that analysts' earnings forecasts are negatively associated with the degree of conservatism; that is, analysts include the effect of unconditional conservatism in their earnings forecasts. Based on alternative earnings‐based valuation models that analysts may use, our evidence suggests that analysts fail to appropriately adjust their valuation multiple for the effect of conservatism included in their earnings forecasts when using these forecasts to derive target prices. As a consequence, we find that, for extreme changes in conservatism, the bias in analysts' target prices due to conservatism leads to a distortion of market prices. The evidence highlights the concern that analysts may not appreciate the valuation implications of conservative accounting which could inhibit price discovery. Incidence de la prudence comptable inconditionnelle sur l’évaluation : données relatives aux cours cibles des analystes Les auteurs se demandent si les analystes financiers saisissent l'incidence de la prudence comptable inconditionnelle sur l’évaluation dans leurs prévisions de cours cibles. Bien que la prudence comptable influe sur les résultats communiqués, la prudence en soi n'a pas d'incidence sur la valeur actualisée des flux de trésorerie futurs. Les auteurs cherchent à déterminer si les analystes ajustent leurs prévisions de résultats pour tenir compte de l'incidence de la prudence lorsqu'ils se servent de ces prévisions pour estimer les cours cibles. Ils constatent que les erreurs signées dans les cours cibles (cours réel moins cours prévu) sont en relation positive significative avec le degré de prudence dans les résultats à terme, ce qui semble indiquer que la prudence comptable entraîne une distorsion des cours cibles. Les résultats d'une analyse transversale laissent croire que les analystes les plus avertis et les meilleurs prévisionnistes à long terme se soucient davantage de la prudence que les autres analystes. Procédant à d'autres analyses, les auteurs explorent la mécanique qui fait que la prudence mène à des distorsions dans les cours cibles. Ils montrent d'abord que les prévisions de résultats des analystes sont en relation négative avec le degré de prudence, c'est‐à‐dire que les analystes tiennent compte de l'incidence de la prudence inconditionnelle dans leurs prévisions de résultats. Selon d'autres modèles d’évaluation fondée sur les résultats dont disposent les analystes, les données recueillies par les auteurs laissent croire que les analystes n'ajustent pas leur multiple d’évaluation de manière appropriée en fonction de l'incidence de la prudence sur leurs prévisions de résultats lorsqu'ils utilisent ces prévisions pour dériver les cours cibles. Les auteurs constatent donc que, dans le cas de variations extrêmes de la prudence, la distorsion dans les cours cibles des analystes attribuable à la prudence conduit à une distorsion dans les cours du marché. Ces observations mettent en relief le risque que les analystes n'apprécient pas l'incidence de la prudence comptable sur l’évaluation, ce qui pourrait faire obstacle à la détermination des cours.

Suggested Citation

  • Jae B. Kim & Alexander Nekrasov & Pervin K. Shroff & Andreas Simon, 2019. "Valuation Implications of Unconditional Accounting Conservatism: Evidence from Analysts' Target Prices," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 1669-1698, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:1669-1698
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12465
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    1. Tim Loughran & Jay Ritter, 2004. "Why Has IPO Underpricing Changed Over Time?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 33(3), Fall.
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    1. Leslie Rodríguez-Valencia & Prosper Lamothe-Fernández & David Alaminos, 2023. "The market value of SMEs: a comparative study between private and listed firms in alternative stock markets," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 95-117, March.
    2. Shaw, Kenneth W. & Whitworth, James D., 2022. "Client importance and unconditional conservatism in complex accounting estimates," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).

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