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Budget Development and Use in Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: A Field Investigation

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  • Howard M. Armitage
  • Dorian Lane
  • Alan Webb

Abstract

We examine the process by which operating budgets are developed and how they are used for control, evaluation, and reward purposes in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs (i.e., fewer than 500 employees) represent the dominant organizational form in North America but surprisingly little research has examined how these companies develop and use management controls. Our study focuses on a key element of the management control system, operating budgets, because prior research on SMEs indicates this as an important and commonly used control tool in such companies. Prior research on budgeting practices, while extensive, has almost exclusively examined larger companies. We conduct in‐depth field interviews at 12 participating SMEs to address four theory‐based research questions intended to provide insights regarding the development and use of budgets by SMEs. Our first question examines how budgets are developed, top‐down versus collaborative. Our second, third, and fourth research questions examine, respectively, whether budgets are used tightly or loosely for results control, performance evaluation, and reward purposes. As a first step in providing a deeper understanding of budget development and use in SMEs, our results have implications for practice, theory development, and management accounting education. Élaboration et utilisation des budgets dans les petites et moyennes entreprises : Enquête sur le terrain Nous examinons le processus qui sous‐tend l’élaboration des budgets d'exploitation et la façon dont ceux‐ci sont utilisés aux fins de contrôle, d’évaluation et de récompense dans les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME). Les PME (c.‐à‐d., les entreprises qui comptent moins de 500 employés) représentent le principal modèle organisationnel en Amérique du Nord mais, fait étonnant, peu de travaux de recherche se sont penchés sur la façon dont ces entreprises mettent au point et utilisent les contrôles de gestion. Notre étude porte sur un élément central du système de contrôle de la gestion, soit les budgets d'exploitation, car la recherche antérieure sur les PME indique qu'il s'agit d'un outil important et largement utilisé par ce type d'entreprises. Les études antérieures sur les pratiques budgétaires, bien que nombreuses, s'attardent presque exclusivement aux plus vastes entreprises. Nous menons des entrevues en profondeur sur le terrain auprès de 12 PME participantes pour aborder quatre questions de recherche théoriques visant à éclairer l’élaboration et l'utilisation des budgets par les PME. Notre première question porte sur la façon dont les budgets sont mis au point et utilisés, en comparant l'approche descendante à l'approche collaborative. Nos deuxième, troisième et quatrième questions examinent dans quelle mesure les budgets sont utilisés respectivement aux fins de contrôle des résultats, d’évaluation du rendement et de récompense. Nos constats représentent une première étape vers une meilleure compréhension de l’élaboration et de l'utilisation des budgets dans les petites et moyennes entreprises et ont des conséquences sur la pratique, le développement théorique et l'enseignement de la comptabilité de gestion.

Suggested Citation

  • Howard M. Armitage & Dorian Lane & Alan Webb, 2020. "Budget Development and Use in Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: A Field Investigation," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(3), pages 205-240, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:205-240
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12231
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