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The Use of Management Accounting Techniques by Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: A Field Study of Canadian and Australian Practice

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  • Howard M. Armitage
  • Alan Webb
  • John Glynn

Abstract

Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) represent a large and important part of developed economies. However, little is known about the extent to which SMEs use contemporary management accounting (MA) techniques such as costing systems, budgets, responsibility center reporting, and analysis for decision making. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted in‐depth field interviews at 22 SMEs to: (1) determine the extent to which common MA techniques and tools are being used by SMEs; and (2) explore the underlying reasons why specific MA techniques are not being used. We find that of the 19 common MA techniques covered in our interviews, a very small number are moderately or highly used by our respondent companies. Moreover, we find that manufacturing companies in our study are more likely to use a broader set of techniques such as costing systems, operating budgets, and variance analysis and that smaller, early‐stage SMEs are the lightest users of MA tools overall. We identify three main factors affecting the adoption and use of MA techniques: (1) the perceived decision‐usefulness of the technique; (2) the complexity of the SMEs’ operating environment; and (3) the age of the SME. We discuss the contributions of our study and its potential implications for MA educators, developers of professional education programs, designers of SME control systems, and textbook authors. Les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) occupent une place importante et jouent un rôle déterminant dans les économies développées. L'on ne sait pourtant que peu de choses au sujet de la mesure dans laquelle les PME ont recours dans la prise de décisions aux techniques de comptabilité de gestion contemporaines comme les systèmes d’établissement des coûts, les budgets, l'information par centres de responsabilité et l'analyse. En vue de combler cette lacune dans la documentation, les auteurs réalisent sur le terrain des entrevues en profondeur dans 22 PME afin de 1) déterminer dans quelle mesure les techniques et outils usuels de comptabilité de gestion sont utilisés par les PME et 2) explorer les raisons susceptibles d'expliquer pourquoi certaines techniques de comptabilité de gestion spécifiques sont inutilisées. Ils constatent que, des 19 techniques de comptabilité de gestion usuelles évoquées dans leurs entrevues, un très petit nombre sont modérément ou abondamment utilisées par les sociétés interrogées. De plus, les auteurs observent que les entreprises de fabrication participant à l’étude sont davantage susceptibles de recourir à un éventail plus large de techniques, comme les systèmes d’établissement des coûts, les budgets d'exploitation et l'analyse des écarts, et que les PME jeunes et de plus petite taille sont les utilisateurs les moins fréquents des outils de comptabilité de gestion dans l'ensemble. Ils relèvent trois principaux facteurs ayant une incidence sur l'adoption et l'utilisation des techniques de comptabilité de gestion : 1) la perception qu'a la PME de l'utilité décisionnelle de la technique ; 2) la complexité de l'environnement d'exploitation de la PME ; et 3) l’âge de la PME. Les auteurs traitent de l'apport de leur étude et de ses conséquences potentielles pour les formateurs en comptabilité de gestion, les concepteurs de programmes de formation professionnelle, les concepteurs de systèmes de contrôle destinés aux PME et les auteurs de manuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Howard M. Armitage & Alan Webb & John Glynn, 2016. "The Use of Management Accounting Techniques by Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: A Field Study of Canadian and Australian Practice," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(1), pages 31-69, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:15:y:2016:i:1:p:31-69
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12089
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    3. Armando Della Porta & Francesco De Luca & Chiara Aufiero, 2023. ""Radicare" la sostenibilit? nella strategia attraverso i sistemi di management control: un caso di studio relativo ad una Pmi," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2023(2), pages 43-68.
    4. Gianluca Vitale & Sebastiano Cupertino & Angelo Riccaboni, 2020. "Big data and management control systems change: the case of an agricultural SME," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 31(1), pages 123-152, April.
    5. Carolina Nicolas & Javiera Müller & Francisco-Javier Arroyo-Cañada, 2021. "A Fuzzy Inference System for Management Control Tools," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(17), pages 1-19, September.
    6. Rikhardsson, Pall & Yigitbasioglu, Ogan, 2018. "Business intelligence & analytics in management accounting research: Status and future focus," International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 37-58.
    7. Anca Antoaneta Vărzaru & Claudiu George Bocean & Mădălina Giorgiana Mangra & Gabriel Ioan Mangra, 2022. "Assessing the Effects of Innovative Management Accounting Tools on Performance and Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, May.
    8. Howard M. Armitage & Dorian Lane & Alan Webb, 2020. "Budget Development and Use in Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: A Field Investigation," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(3), pages 205-240, September.
    9. Mara Del Baldo & Anna Maria Arcari & Marcantonio Ruisi, 2019. "Controllo di gestione nelle PMI e consulenti esterni," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2019(1 suppl.), pages 69-94.
    10. Viktorija Varaniūtė & Ineta Žičkutė & Akvilė Žandaravičiūtė, 2022. "The Changing Role of Management Accounting in Product Development: Directions to Digitalization, Sustainability, and Circularity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, April.
    11. Silvia Macchia, 2021. "Are we ready to change? A case study of Management Accounting Change (MAC) in an Italian Co-operative," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2021(suppl. 1), pages 141-164.

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