IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/tec/journl/v27y2022i1p445-451.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Rabia Zafar

    (Institute of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Maleeq-Ul-Islam Zafar

    (Institute of Business Management Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan)

Abstract

The major objective of this study is to check the effect of external debt on the GDP growth of Pakistan. For this purpose annual time series data were used for the period 1980 to 2020. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was applied to check the stationary status of the data and the least square method was applied for the estimation of the results. For the analysis GDP growth rate was taken as a dependent variable and other variables, such as economic growth (Annual %), inflation rate (CPI %), Foreign Direct Investment net inflow (% of GDP), multi-lateral debt services (% of public and publically generated debt service), Total debt service (% of GNI), Short term debt (% of total reserves) were taken as explanatory variables. Findings revealed that the total debt and multilateral debt negatively affect the GDP growth rate, whereas, FDI and short term debt are positively associated with growth rate. It is suggested that to improve the economic growth Pakistan should focus on investment projects and there is a need to implementation better policies for foreign debt utilization

Suggested Citation

  • Rabia Zafar & Muhammad Maleeq-Ul-Islam Zafar, 2022. "Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 27(1), pages 445-451, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:tec:journl:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:445-451
    DOI: 10.47577/tssj.v27i1.5388
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://techniumscience.com/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/5388/1964
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://techniumscience.com/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/5388
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.47577/tssj.v27i1.5388?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qayyum, Unbreen & Din, Musleh-ud & Haider, Adnan, 2014. "Foreign aid, external debt and governance," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 41-52.
    2. Naeem Akram, 2011. "Impact of Public Debt on the Economic Growth of Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 50(4), pages 599-615.
    3. Rifaqat Ali & Usman Mustafa, 2012. "External Debt Accumulation and Its Impact on Economic Growth in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 51(4), pages 79-96.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:thr:techub:10027:y:2022:i:1:p:445-451 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Adeela Hussain & Muhammad Irfan Chani, 2018. "Remittances, Foreign Debt and Economic Growth: A Cross Country Analysis," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 7(2), pages 59-71, June.
    3. Nurfilzah Arham & Mohd Shamlie Salisi & Rozita Uji Mohammed & Jasman Tuyon, 2020. "Impact of macroeconomic cyclical indicators and country governance on bank non-performing loans in Emerging Asia," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(4), pages 707-726, December.
    4. Minhaj ud-Din & Muhammad Azam Khan & Muhammad Tariq, 2020. "External Debt - Blessing or Curse: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 10(4), pages 235-246.
    5. Olugbenga Onafowora & Oluwole Owoye, 2019. "Impact of external debt shocks on economic growth in Nigeria: a SVAR analysis," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 52(2), pages 157-179, May.
    6. Serhan ÇIFTÇIOĞLU & Amin SOKHANVAR, 2018. "External Debt- Economic Growth Nexus in Selected CEE Countries," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(4), pages 85-100, December.
    7. Muhammad Asif Shamim & Syed Tehseen Jawaid & Madiha Kamal, 2017. "External Debt And Export Performance In Pakistan: An Empirical Investigation," IBT Journal of Business Studies (JBS), Ilma University, Faculty of Management Science, vol. 13(2), pages 13-13.
    8. Wanniarachchi, Sasindu Lakruwan, 2020. "The Nexus among External Debt and Economic Growth: Evidence from South Asia," OSF Preprints ghfdb, Center for Open Science.
    9. Siti Nurazira Mohd Daud & Jan Podivinsky, 2014. "Government debt and economic growth in Malaysia: the role of institutional quality," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(17), pages 1179-1183, November.
    10. Sagire, Lucas & Muriu, Peter W., 2021. "Economic Growth and Public Debt Threshold: New Evidence from An Emerging Economy," Journal of Economic Development, The Economic Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, vol. 46(4), pages 105-120, December.
    11. Wang, Zhaohua & Bui, Quocviet & Zhang, Bin & Nawarathna, Chulan Lasantha K. & Mombeuil, Claudel, 2021. "The nexus between renewable energy consumption and human development in BRICS countries: The moderating role of public debt," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 381-390.
    12. Kashif Munir & Nisma Riffat Mehmood, 2018. "Exploring the Channels and Impact of Debt on Economic Growth," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 19(2), pages 171-191, September.
    13. Muhanji, Stella & Ojah, Kalu, 2016. "Governance infrastructure and indebtedness of African countries: Do regional blocs matter?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 123-153.
    14. Samuel Adams & Edem Kwame Mensah Klobodu & Richmond Odartey Lamptey, 2017. "The Effects of Capital Flows on Economic Growth in Senegal," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 11(2), pages 121-142, May.
    15. Freytag , Andreas & Pettersson, Jonatan & Schmied, Julian, 2016. "Debt Relief and Good Governance: New Evidence," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145914, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    16. Taha Zaghdoudi, 2020. "Threshold Effect in the Relationship Between External Debt and Economic Growth: A Dynamic Panel Threshold Specification," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 18(2), pages 447-456, June.
    17. Bassey Okon Ebi & Imoke Douglas Imoke, 2017. "Public Debt Carrying Capacity and Debt Transmission Channels: The Nigerian Experience," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 7(5), pages 41-52.
    18. Manamba EPAPHRA & William MESIET, 2021. "The external debt burden and economic growth in Africa: a panel data analysis," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania - AGER, vol. 0(2(627), S), pages 175-206, Summer.
    19. Adom, Philip Kofi, 2016. "The DDT Effect: The case of Economic Growth, Public Debt and Democracy Relationship," MPRA Paper 75022, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Nov 2016.
    20. Michael Mbate, 2013. "Domestic Debt, Private Sector Credit and Economic Growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 25(4), pages 434-446, December.
    21. Adewale Hassan & Daniel Meyer, 2021. "Exploring the Channels of Transmission between External Debt and Economic Growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan African Countries," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-16, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Debt; GDP; Economic growth; Time series; Economy; ADF; OLS;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:tec:journl:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:445-451. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Tasente Tanase (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.