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The Spatial Persistence of Population and Wealth During Apartheid: Comparing the 1911 and 2011 Censuses

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  • Waldo Krugell

Abstract

This article examines the spatial distribution of people and wealth in South Africa over the period 1911 to 2011. Economic development is typically characterized by agglomeration, but Apartheid policies tried to separate people and disperse economic activity. Zipf's Law is used to examine the balance of these forces. The results show that Apartheid's interventions could not stop agglomeration, which seems to have continued to the point of over-concentration today. Wealth has become increasingly concentrated in places of initial white settlement and the large urban agglomerations.

Suggested Citation

  • Waldo Krugell, 2014. "The Spatial Persistence of Population and Wealth During Apartheid: Comparing the 1911 and 2011 Censuses," Economic History of Developing Regions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(2), pages 336-352, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rehdxx:v:29:y:2014:i:2:p:336-352
    DOI: 10.1080/20780389.2014.957907
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cem Karayalcin & Hakan Yilmazkuday, 2015. "Trade and Cities," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 29(3), pages 523-549.
    2. Henderson, Vernon, 2000. "How urban concentration affects economic growth," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2326, The World Bank.
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    1. Cem Karayalcin & Hakan Yilmazkuday, 2015. "Trade and Cities," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 29(3), pages 523-549.
    2. Fintel, Dieter von & Fourie, Johan, 2019. "The great divergence in South Africa: Population and wealth dynamics over two centuries," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(4), pages 759-773.
    3. Daniel de Kadt & Johan Fourie & Jan Greyling & Elie Murard & Johannes Norling, 2021. "Correlates and Consequences of the 1918 Influenza in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 89(2), pages 173-195, June.
    4. D.P. von Fintel, 2018. "Long-Run Spatial Inequality in South Africa: Early Settlement Patterns and Separate Development," Studies in Economics and Econometrics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(2), pages 81-102, August.
    5. Daniel de Kadt & Johan Fourie & Jan Greyling & Elie Murard & Johannes Norling, 2020. "The causes and consequences of the 1918 influenza in South Africa," Working Papers 12/2020, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics.

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