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Gates or No Gates? A Cross-European Enquiry into the Driving Forces behind Gated Communities

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  • Zoltán Cs�falvay
  • Chris Webster

Abstract

Cs�falvay Z. and Webster C. Gates or no gates? A cross-European enquiry into the driving forces behind gated communities, Regional Studies . This paper addresses one of the biggest gaps in research on gated communities: why is the phenomenon so strong in some countries, but absent in others? After reviewing the mainstream explanations, it outlines an alternative thesis based on theories of public choice and fiscal federalism. To test the relevance of the theory, European countries are divided into two groups -- those with a considerable number of gated communities and those with very few or none -- and they are compared on fifteen indicators. The results indicate that beyond the visible manifestation of gates and walls, there are deeper institutional driving forces. Cs�falvay Z. et Webster C. Avec ou sans portail? Une enquête paneurop�enne des forces motrices à l'origine du d�veloppement des quartiers r�sidentiels surveill�s, Regional Studies . Cet article cherche à aborder l'une des plus grandes lacunes dans la recherche sur les quartiers r�sidentiels surveill�s: à savoir, pourquoi ce ph�nomène est-il tellement �vident dans certains pays, mais brille par son absence dans d'autres? Suite à une revue des principales explications, on esquisse une autre thèse qui met plutôt l'accent sur les th�ories du choix politique et du f�d�ralisme fiscal. Pour tester la pertinence de la th�orie, on divise les pays europ�ens en deux groupes -- ceux qui sont dot�s d'un grand nombre de quartiers r�sidentiels surveill�s et ceux qui n'en ont que très peu ou aucuns -- et on les compare à quinze indicateurs. Les r�sultats laissent voir qu'il existe des forces motrices institutionnelles encore plus profondes qui vont au-delà de la pr�sence �vidente des portails et des murs. Quartiers r�sidentiels surveill�s F�d�ralisme fiscal Choix politique Europe Cs�falvay Z. und Webster C. Geschlossen oder nicht? Eine europaweite Untersuchung der Antriebskräfte hinter geschlossenen Wohnanlagen, Regional Studies . In diesem Beitrag wird eine der wichtigsten offenen Fragen in der Forschung über geschlossene Wohnanlagen untersucht: Warum ist dieses Phänomen in einigen Ländern so stark ausgeprägt, aber in anderen gänzlich abwesend? Nach einer Untersuchung der gängigen Erklärungen stellen wir eine alternative These auf der Grundlage der Theorien über öffentliche Auswahl und fiskalen Föderalismus auf. Zur Überprüfung der Relevanz dieser Theorie werden die europäischen Staaten in zwei Gruppen untergliedert: Staaten mit einer erheblichen Anzahl von geschlossenen Wohnanlagen und Staaten mit sehr wenigen oder keinen solchen Wohnanlagen. Der Vergleich erfolgt mit Hilfe von 15 Indikatoren. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass sich hinter den sichtbaren Anzeichen von Toren und Mauern tiefere institutionelle Antriebskräfte verbergen. Geschlossene Wohnanlagen Fiskaler Föderalismus Öffentliche Auswahl Europa Cs�falvay Z. y Webster C. ¿Con verjas o sin verjas? Una encuesta transeuropea sobre los desencadenantes de las urbanizaciones privadas, Regional Studies . En este art�culo abordamos una de las lagunas más importantes en la investigación de urbanizaciones privadas: ¿por qu� este fenómeno es tan fuerte en algunos pa�ses y sin embargo no existe en otros? Tras analizar las explicaciones generales, describimos una tesis alternativa basada en las teor�as de la opción pública y el federalismo fiscal. Para comprobar la relevancia de esta teor�a, dividimos los pa�ses europeos en dos grupos: los que tienen un gran número de urbanizaciones privadas y los que tienen pocas o ninguna. Luego las comparamos según quince indicadores. Los resultados indican que más allá de la manifestación visible de verjas y muros, existen desencadenantes institucionales más profundos. Urbanizaciones privadas Federalismo fiscal Opción pública Europa

Suggested Citation

  • Zoltán Cs�falvay & Chris Webster, 2012. "Gates or No Gates? A Cross-European Enquiry into the Driving Forces behind Gated Communities," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(3), pages 293-308, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:46:y:2012:i:3:p:293-308
    DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2010.505917
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. European Commission, 2015. "Taxation trends in the European Union: 2015 edition," Taxation trends 2015, Directorate General Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission.
    2. Scott, Allen J. (ed.), 2002. "Global City-Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199252305.
    3. Fred E. Foldvary, 1994. "Public Goods And Private Communities," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 167.
    4. European Commission, 2013. "Taxation trends in the European Union: 2013 edition," Taxation trends 2013, Directorate General Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission.
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    3. Beata J. Gawryszewska & Izabela Myszka & Michał Banaszek & Axel Schwerk, 2023. "Periurban Streetscape—Vernacular Front Gardens and Their Potential to Provide Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Warsaw, Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.
    4. Karin Grundström & Christine Lelévrier, 2023. "Imposing ‘Enclosed Communities’? Urban Gating of Large Housing Estates in Sweden and France," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, August.
    5. Sun, Guibo & Wallace, Dugald & Webster, Chris, 2020. "Unravelling the impact of street network structure and gated community layout in development-oriented transit design," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

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