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Reducing CO2 emissions in the EU member states: Do environmental taxes work?

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  • Celil Aydin
  • Ömer Esen

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of environmentally related taxes on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the EU member states. The paper uses a dynamic panel threshold regression model to determine the nonlinear relationship between environmental taxes and CO2 emissions in 15 EU member countries between 1995 and 2013. The results confirm asymmetrical relationships, in which the thresholds of the environmental taxes for total environmental taxes, energy taxes (including CO2 taxes), transport taxes, and taxes on pollution and resources are 3.02%, 2.20%, 0.88%, and 0.23%, respectively. The findings reveal that, after exceeding the threshold level, the effect of environmentally related taxes (excluding transport taxes) on CO2 emissions changes from insignificantly positive to significantly negative. However, the analysis shows a significant effect of transport taxes on CO2 emissions neither below nor above the threshold.

Suggested Citation

  • Celil Aydin & Ömer Esen, 2018. "Reducing CO2 emissions in the EU member states: Do environmental taxes work?," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 61(13), pages 2396-2420, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jenpmg:v:61:y:2018:i:13:p:2396-2420
    DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2017.1395731
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    RePEc Biblio mentions

    As found on the RePEc Biblio, the curated bibliography for Economics:
    1. > Environmental and Natural Resource Economics > Climate economics > Ex-post evaluation of climate policy > Carbon taxes

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    1. Yıldırım, Durmuş Çağrı & Esen, Ömer & Yıldırım, Seda, 2022. "The nonlinear effects of environmental innovation on energy sector-based carbon dioxide emissions in OECD countries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    2. Yang Shen & Xiuwu Zhang, 2022. "Study on the Impact of Environmental Tax on Industrial Green Transformation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Rohan Best & Paul J. Burke & Frank Jotzo, 2020. "Carbon Pricing Efficacy: Cross-Country Evidence," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 77(1), pages 69-94, September.
    4. Ishfaq Hamid & Mohammed Ahmar Uddin & Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar & Md Shabbir Alam & D. P. Priyadarshi Joshi & Pabitra Kumar Jena, 2023. "Do Better Institutional Arrangements Lead to Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, January.
    5. Saia, Artjom, 2023. "Digitalization and CO2 emissions: Dynamics under R&D and technology innovation regimes," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    6. Astrida Miceikienė & Kristina Gesevičienė & Daiva Rimkuvienė, 2021. "Assessment of the Dependence of GHG Emissions on the Support and Taxes in the EU Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-15, July.
    7. Jaime Vallés-Giménez & Anabel Zárate-Marco, 2020. "A Dynamic Spatial Panel of Subnational GHG Emissions: Environmental Effectiveness of Emissions Taxes in Spanish Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-22, April.
    8. Janet J. McIntyre-Mills & Mphatheleni Makaulule & Patricia Lethole & E. Pitsoane & Akwasi Arko-Achemfuor & Rudolf Wirawan & Ida Widianingsih, 2023. "Ecocentric Living: A Way Forward Towards Zero Carbon: A Conversation about Indigenous Law and Leadership Based on Custodianship and Praxis," Systemic Practice and Action Research, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 275-319, April.
    9. Teresa Famulska & Jan Kaczmarzyk & Małgorzata Grząba-Włoszek, 2022. "Environmental Taxes in the Member States of the European Union—Trends in Energy Taxes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-20, November.
    10. Bartosz Jóźwik & Antonina Gavryshkiv, 2022. "Wpływ podatku środowiskowego na emisję gazów cieplarnianych w państwach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 66-78.
    11. Gao, Chunjiao & Chen, Hongxi, 2023. "Electricity from renewable energy resources: Sustainable energy transition and emissions for developed economies," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    12. Cheng Peng & Lu Zhao & Liwen Liu & Jia Chen, 2023. "The Influence of Environmental Protection Tax Law on Urban Land Green Use Efficiency in China: The Nonlinear Moderating Effect of Tax Rate Increase," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-18, August.
    13. Ullah, Atta & Ullah, Saif & Pinglu, Chen & Khan, Saba, 2023. "Impact of FinTech, governance and environmental taxes on energy transition: Pre-post COVID-19 analysis of belt and road initiative countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    14. Melike Bildirici & Yasemin Asu Çırpıcı & Özgür Ömer Ersin, 2023. "Effects of Technology, Energy, Monetary, and Fiscal Policies on the Relationship between Renewable and Fossil Fuel Energies and Environmental Pollution: Novel NBARDL and Causality Analyses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-27, October.
    15. Josef Gotvald, 2024. "The role of environmental taxes and other political instruments on the road to climate neutrality [Role environmentálních daní a dalších politických nástrojů na cestě za klimatickou neutralitou]," Český finanční a účetní časopis, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2024(1), pages 47-76.
    16. Hyungsu Kang & Hyunmin Daniel Zoh, 2022. "Classifying Regional and Industrial Characteristics of GHG Emissions in South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    17. Seda Yıldırım & Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım & Seda H. Bostancı & Elif Nur Tarı, 2022. "Winner or loser? The asymmetric role of natural resource rents on financial development among resource‐rich countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(6), pages 1921-1933, December.
    18. Yunzhao, Lu, 2022. "Modelling the role of eco innovation, renewable energy, and environmental taxes in carbon emissions reduction in E−7 economies: Evidence from advance panel estimations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 309-318.
    19. Magdalena Ziolo & Krzysztof Kluza & Anna Spoz, 2019. "Impact of Sustainable Financial and Economic Development on Greenhouse Gas Emission in the Developed and Converging Economies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-30, November.
    20. Mingxia Shi & Yibo Wang, 2023. "Do Green Transfer Payments Contribute to Carbon Emission Reduction?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, February.
    21. Heri Bezić & Davor Mance & Davorin Balaž, 2022. "Panel Evidence from EU Countries on CO 2 Emission Indicators during the Fourth Industrial Revolution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-25, October.
    22. Beata Zofia Filipiak & Dorota Wyszkowska, 2022. "Determinants of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in European Union Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-24, December.
    23. Aurelia Rybak & Jarosław Joostberens & Anna Manowska & Joachim Pielot, 2022. "The Impact of Environmental Taxes on the Level of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Poland and Sweden," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-15, June.
    24. Mahmood, Nasir & Zhao, Yingjun & Lou, Qinqin & Geng, Jinzhou, 2022. "Role of environmental regulations and eco-innovation in energy structure transition for green growth: Evidence from OECD," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    25. Muhammad Ramzan & Ummara Razi & Muhammad Umer Quddoos & Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, 2023. "Do green innovation and financial globalization contribute to the ecological sustainability and energy transition in the United Kingdom? Policy insights from a bootstrap rolling window approach," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(1), pages 393-414, February.

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