IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spt/fininv/v9y2020i1f9_1_1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Moderating Effect of Board Gender Diversity on the Relationship between Financial Structure and Operating Efficiency

Author

Listed:
  • Kalundu Kimanzi
  • Prof. Mirie Mwangi
  • Dr. Duncan Elly Ochieng
  • Prof. Josephat Lishenga

Abstract

This study aimed at determining the moderating effect of board members’ gender diversity in the relationship between financial structure and operating efficiency of housing co-operative societies. The descriptive cross-sectional research design provided a framework for data gathering. A data collection form that comprised elements of financial structure and operating efficiency, and gender diversity information collected information from audited financial statements, chief executive officers/administrators and board members. Shannon index of diversity was applied to compute indices for gender. Data from 87 housing co-operatives constituting 435 observations yielding a 50.3% response rate were analysed. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics, data envelopment analysis and regression analysis. The efficiency scores obtained by DEA were later regressed in the second stage to establish the hypothesized relationship. The findings show that members’ deposit was the only component of financial structure after adding the interaction term contributed to positive changes in operating efficiency. However, the inclusion of the interaction term in the model caused a positive change in adjusted R^2 thus increasing the level of operating efficiency. Keywords: Moderating effect. Board gender diversity. Financial structure. Operating efficiency. Housing co-operative societies. Shannon index.

Suggested Citation

  • Kalundu Kimanzi & Prof. Mirie Mwangi & Dr. Duncan Elly Ochieng & Prof. Josephat Lishenga, 2020. "Moderating Effect of Board Gender Diversity on the Relationship between Financial Structure and Operating Efficiency," Journal of Finance and Investment Analysis, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 9(1), pages 1-1.
    • Handle: RePEc:spt:fininv:v:9:y:2020:i:1:f:9_1_1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.scienpress.com/Upload/JFIA%2fVol%209_1_1.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ignacio BRETOS & Carmen MARCUELLO, 2017. "Revisiting Globalization Challenges And Opportunities In The Development Of Cooperatives," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 88(1), pages 47-73, March.
    2. Liyan Yu & Jerker Nilsson, 2019. "Social Capital and Financial Capital in Chinese Cooperatives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Léopold Simar & Paul W. Wilson, 2015. "Statistical Approaches for Non-parametric Frontier Models: A Guided Tour," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 83(1), pages 77-110, April.
    4. Berger, Philip G & Ofek, Eli & Yermack, David L, 1997. "Managerial Entrenchment and Capital Structure Decisions," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(4), pages 1411-1438, September.
    5. Worthington, Andrew C, 1999. "Measuring Technical Efficiency in Australian Credit Unions," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 67(2), pages 231-248, March.
    6. Ana Marr & Paola Tubaro, 2011. "Crisis in Indian microfinance and a way forward: Governance reforms and the Tamil Nadu model," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(7), pages 996-1003, October.
    7. Berger, Allen N. & Humphrey, David B., 1997. "Efficiency of financial institutions: International survey and directions for future research," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 175-212, April.
    8. Rajan, Raghuram G & Zingales, Luigi, 1995. "What Do We Know about Capital Structure? Some Evidence from International Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(5), pages 1421-1460, December.
    9. Leary, Mark T. & Roberts, Michael R., 2010. "The pecking order, debt capacity, and information asymmetry," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(3), pages 332-355, March.
    10. Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. & Rhodes, E., 1978. "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 2(6), pages 429-444, November.
    11. R G Dyson & E A Shale, 2010. "Data envelopment analysis, operational research and uncertainty," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 61(1), pages 25-34, January.
    12. M. Mozaffari & J. Gerami & J. Jablonsky, 2014. "Relationship between DEA models without explicit inputs and DEA-R models," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 22(1), pages 1-12, March.
    13. Stephen Brammer & Andrew Millington & Stephen Pavelin, 2007. "Gender and Ethnic Diversity Among UK Corporate Boards," Corporate Governance: An International Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(2), pages 393-403, March.
    14. Kuosmanen, Timo & Johnson, Andrew, 2017. "Modeling joint production of multiple outputs in StoNED: Directional distance function approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 262(2), pages 792-801.
    15. Ziran Li & Keri L Jacobs & Georgeanne M Artz, 2015. "The cooperative capital constraint revisited," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 75(2), pages 253-266, July.
    16. Cristian L. Dezsö & David Gaddis Ross, 2012. "Does female representation in top management improve firm performance? A panel data investigation," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(9), pages 1072-1089, September.
    17. R. D. Banker & A. Charnes & W. W. Cooper, 1984. "Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(9), pages 1078-1092, September.
    18. Getu Hailu & Scott R. Jeffrey & Ellen W. Goddard, 2007. "Capital structure, firm size, and efficiency: the case of farm petroleum and animal feed co‐operatives in Canada," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 67(2), pages 279-293, November.
    19. Nicholas Apergis & Anthony Rezitis, 2004. "Cost structure, technological change, and productivity growth in the greek banking sector," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, February.
    20. Ralf Elsas & David Florysiak, 2011. "Heterogeneity in the Speed of Adjustment toward Target Leverage," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 11(2), pages 181-211, June.
    21. Andrew C. Worthington, 1999. "Measuring Technical Efficiency in Australian Credit Unions," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 67(2), pages 231-248, March.
    22. Niclas L. Erhardt & James D. Werbel & Charles B. Shrader, 2003. "Board of Director Diversity and Firm Financial Performance," Corporate Governance: An International Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(2), pages 102-111, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Halkos, George E. & Tzeremes, Nickolaos G., 2013. "Estimating the degree of operating efficiency gains from a potential bank merger and acquisition: A DEA bootstrapped approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 1658-1668.
    2. Almudena Martínez-Campillo & Yolanda Fernández-Santos & María Pilar Sierra-Fernández, 2018. "How Well Have Social Economy Financial Institutions Performed During the Crisis Period? Exploring Financial and Social Efficiency in Spanish Credit Unions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 151(2), pages 319-336, August.
    3. Worthington, Andrew C., 2004. "Determinants of merger and acquisition activity in Australian cooperative deposit-taking institutions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 47-57, January.
    4. George Halkos & Roman Matousek & Nickolaos Tzeremes, 2016. "Pre-evaluating technical efficiency gains from possible mergers and acquisitions: evidence from Japanese regional banks," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 46(1), pages 47-77, January.
    5. María Victoria Uribe‐Bohorquez & Jennifer Martínez‐Ferrero & Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez, 2019. "Women on boards and efficiency in a business‐orientated environment," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(1), pages 82-96, January.
    6. Mário Santos & António Moreira & Elisabete Vieira, 2014. "Ownership concentration, contestability, family firms, and capital structure," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 18(4), pages 1063-1107, November.
    7. Mario Fortin & André Leclerc, 2011. "L’Efficience Des Cooperatives De Services Financiers: Une Analyse De La Contribution Du Milieu," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 82(1), pages 45-62, March.
    8. Pal, Debdatta, 2010. "Measuring Technical Efficiency of Microfinance Institutions in India," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 65(4), pages 1-19.
    9. Lynn Mcalevey & Alexander Sibbald & David Tripe, 2010. "New Zealand Credit Union Mergers," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 81(3), pages 423-444, September.
    10. Wai‐Peng Wong & Qiang Deng & Ming-Lang Tseng & Loo‐Hay Lee & Chee‐Wooi Hooy, 2014. "A Stochastic Setting To Bank Financial Performance For Refining Efficiency Estimates," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(4), pages 225-245, October.
    11. Andrew C. Worthington, 2010. "Frontier Efficiency Measurement In Deposit‐Taking Financial Mutuals: A Review Of Techniques, Applications, And Future Research Directions," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 81(1), pages 39-75, March.
    12. Brown, Rayna, 2006. "Mismanagement or mismeasurement? Pitfalls and protocols for DEA studies in the financial services sector," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 174(2), pages 1100-1116, October.
    13. Hailu, Getu & Goddard, Ellen W. & Jeffrey, Scott R., 2005. "Measuring Efficiency in Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Co-operatives with Heterogeneous Technologies in Canada," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19507, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    14. Asish Saha & Nor Hayati Ahmad & Umakant Dash, 2015. "Drivers of technical efficiency in Malaysian banking: a new empirical insight," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 29(1), pages 161-173, May.
    15. Fotios Pasiouras & Aggeliki Liadaki & Constantin Zopounidis, 2008. "Bank efficiency and share performance: evidence from Greece," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(14), pages 1121-1130.
    16. Pasiouras, Fotios, 2008. "Estimating the technical and scale efficiency of Greek commercial banks: The impact of credit risk, off-balance sheet activities, and international operations," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(3), pages 301-318, September.
    17. Sailesh Tanna & Fotios Pasiouras & Matthias Nnadi, 2011. "The Effect of Board Size and Composition on the Efficiency of UK Banks," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(3), pages 441-462, November.
    18. Emilios Galariotis & Kyriaki Kosmidou & Dimitrios Kousenidis & Eirini Lazaridou & Trifon Papapanagiotou, 2021. "Measuring the effects of M&As on Eurozone bank efficiency: an innovative approach on concentration and credibility impacts," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 306(1), pages 343-368, November.
    19. George E. Halkos & Roman Matousek & Nickolaos G. Tzeremes, 2016. "Pre-evaluating technical efficiency gains from possible mergers and acquisitions: evidence from Japanese regional banks," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 46(1), pages 47-77, January.
    20. Liu, John S. & Lu, Louis Y.Y. & Lu, Wen-Min, 2016. "Research fronts in data envelopment analysis," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 33-45.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spt:fininv:v:9:y:2020:i:1:f:9_1_1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Eleftherios Spyromitros-Xioufis (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.scienpress.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.