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Identifying Homogeneous Water Quality Regions in the Nile River Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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  • Ayman Awadallah
  • Mohsen Yousry

Abstract

Detecting homogeneous regions in the Nile River is essential in carrying mathematical modelling. The aim of this paper is to indentify homogenous regions with respect to water quality. Eight years data were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) to define the parameters responsible for the variability in water quality. The PCA produced three variates (or principal components). For the Nile stem, variates are related to bacterial pollution, organic pollution and then agricultural/nutrients. As for the Nile branches, variables group as coming from bacterial and organic sources, while the agricultural/nutrients stamp is more visible in summer. Then, cluster analysis (CA) was performed to verify whether the observations could be grouped into spatially coherent patterns. CA grouped sampling sites into three homogenous regions: upper, middle and lower Nile stem. To interpret the subdivision, CA was performed on municipal and demographic data coming from Nile governorates, such as potable water consumption, sewage collection, cultivated areas and population data. The cultivated areas group similarly to nutrients water quality data and the percentages of uncollected sewage group similarly to bacterial data. The consecutive use of PCA and CA enabled to determine the main sources of pollution and to identify homogeneous regions with respect to water quality variables. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012

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  • Ayman Awadallah & Mohsen Yousry, 2012. "Identifying Homogeneous Water Quality Regions in the Nile River Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(7), pages 2039-2055, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:26:y:2012:i:7:p:2039-2055
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-012-9997-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rabia Koklu & Bulent Sengorur & Bayram Topal, 2010. "Water Quality Assessment Using Multivariate Statistical Methods—A Case Study: Melen River System (Turkey)," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(5), pages 959-978, March.
    2. Paula Carreira & José Marques & António Pina & António Mota Gomes & Paula Galego Fernandes & Fernando Monteiro Santos, 2010. "Groundwater Assessment at Santiago Island (Cabo Verde): A Multidisciplinary Approach to a Recurring Source of Water Supply," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(6), pages 1139-1159, April.
    3. Bahman Amiri & Kaneyuki Nakane, 2009. "Modeling the Linkage Between River Water Quality and Landscape Metrics in the Chugoku District of Japan," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(5), pages 931-956, March.
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    1. Xiao Pu & Hongguang Cheng & Lu Lu & Shengtian Yang & Jing Xie & Fanghua Hao, 2015. "Spatial Profiling and Assessing Dominance of Sources to Water Phosphorus Burden in a Shallow Lake," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(3), pages 715-729, February.
    2. Lazhar Belkhiri & Tahoora Narany, 2015. "Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Geostatistical Techniques and Structural Equation Modeling to Identify Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(6), pages 2073-2089, April.
    3. Jian Sha & Zeli Li & Dennis Swaney & Bongghi Hong & Wei Wang & Yuqiu Wang, 2014. "Application of a Bayesian Watershed Model Linking Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Support Watershed-Scale Nitrogen Management in China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(11), pages 3681-3695, September.
    4. Huapeng Qin & Jingjing Jiang & Guangtao Fu & Ying Zheng, 2013. "Optimal Water Quality Management Considering Spatial and Temporal Variations in a Tidal River," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(3), pages 843-858, February.
    5. Adamu Mustapha & Balarabe Usman Getso, 2014. "Sources and Pathway of Environmental Pollutants into Surface Water Resources: A Review," Journal of Environments, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, vol. 1(2), pages 54-59.
    6. Ana Gomes & José Pires & Sónia Figueiredo & Rui Boaventura, 2014. "Optimization of River Water Quality Surveys by Multivariate Analysis of Physicochemical, Bacteriological and Ecotoxicological Data," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(5), pages 1345-1361, March.
    7. Jian Sha & Zeli Li & Dennis P. Swaney & Bongghi Hong & Wei Wang & Yuqiu Wang, 2014. "Application of a Bayesian Watershed Model Linking Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Support Watershed-Scale Nitrogen Management in China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(11), pages 3681-3695, September.

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