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The Paradox of Rising Ethnic Prejudice in Times of Educational Expansion and Secularization in the Netherlands, 1985–2011

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  • Paula Thijs

    (Radboud University)

  • Manfred Grotenhuis

    (Radboud University)

  • Peer Scheepers

    (Radboud University)

Abstract

We aim to clarify a puzzling paradox: while shares of highly educated and non-religious individuals—who generally hold less prejudice—have increased in the Netherlands, levels of prejudice against ethnic minorities have yet risen over time. To solve the paradox, we use cross-sectional data from 1985 to 2011 in counterfactual analyses. In these analyses we simulate that levels of ethnic prejudice within categories of education, church membership, and church attendance are kept constant at the 1985 level and a new simulated trend in prejudice is estimated for the 1985–2011 period. Our findings show that changing levels of prejudice within categories of education are partly responsible for the trend. We conclude that the increasing share of highly educated individuals has not resulted in a decline of prejudice in the Netherlands over time, because all Dutch have become more prejudiced over the years and in particular the higher educated.

Suggested Citation

  • Paula Thijs & Manfred Grotenhuis & Peer Scheepers, 2018. "The Paradox of Rising Ethnic Prejudice in Times of Educational Expansion and Secularization in the Netherlands, 1985–2011," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 139(2), pages 653-678, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:139:y:2018:i:2:d:10.1007_s11205-017-1718-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-017-1718-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Manfred Te Grotenhuis & Rob Eisinga & Peer Scheepers, 2004. "The Method of Purging Applied to Repeated Cross-Sectional Data," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 38(1), pages 1-16, February.
    2. David R. Heise, 1972. "Employing Nominal Variables, Induced Variables, and Block Variables in Path Analyses," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 1(2), pages 147-173, November.
    3. Sniderman, Paul M. & Hagendoorn, Louk & Prior, Markus, 2004. "Predisposing Factors and Situational Triggers: Exclusionary Reactions to Immigrant Minorities," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 98(1), pages 35-49, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ioana Zagrean & Daniela Barni & Claudia Russo & Francesca Danioni, 2022. "The Family Transmission of Ethnic Prejudice: A Systematic Review of Research Articles with Adolescents," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-27, May.

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