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Extension of JRR Method for Variance Estimation of Net Changes in Inequality Measures

Author

Listed:
  • Gianni Betti

    (University of Siena)

  • Francesca Gagliardi

    (University of Pisa)

Abstract

The linearisation approach to approximating variance of complex non-linear statistics is a well-established procedure. The basis of this approach is to reduce non-linear statistics to a linear form, justified on the basis of asymptotic properties of large populations and samples. For diverse cross-sectional measures of inequality such linearised forms are available, though the derivations involved can be complex. Replication methods based on repeated resampling of the parent sample provide an alternative approach to variance estimation of complex statistics from complex samples. These procedures can be computationally demanding but tend to be straightforward technically. Perhaps the simplest and the best established among these is the Jackknife Repeated Replication (JRR) method. Recently the JRR method has been shown to produce comparable variance for cross-sectional poverty measures (Verma and Betti in J Appl Stat 38(8):1549–1576, 2011); and it has also been extended to estimate the variance of longitudinal poverty measures for which Taylor approximation is not currently available, or at least cannot be easily derived. This paper extends the JRR methodology further to the estimation of variance of differences and averages of inequality measures. It illustrates the application of JRR methodology using data from four waves of the EU-SILC for Spain. For cross-sectional measures design effect can be decomposed into the effect of clustering and stratification, and that of weighting under both methodologies. For differences and averages of these poverty measures JRR method is applied to compute variance and three separate components of the design effect—effect of clustering and stratification, effect of weighting, and an additional effect due to correlation of different cross-sections from panel data—combining these the overall design effect can be estimated.

Suggested Citation

  • Gianni Betti & Francesca Gagliardi, 2018. "Extension of JRR Method for Variance Estimation of Net Changes in Inequality Measures," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 137(1), pages 45-60, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:137:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1007_s11205-017-1590-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-017-1590-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mario Piacentini, 2014. "Measuring Income Inequality and Poverty at the Regional Level in OECD Countries," OECD Statistics Working Papers 2014/3, OECD Publishing.
    2. Chris Elbers & Jean O. Lanjouw & Peter Lanjouw, 2003. "Micro--Level Estimation of Poverty and Inequality," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 71(1), pages 355-364, January.
    3. Yves G. Berger & Chris J. Skinner, 2003. "Variance estimation for a low income proportion," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 52(4), pages 457-468, October.
    4. Gianni Betti & Francesca Gagliardi & Achille Lemmi & Vijay Verma, 2011. "Subnational indicators of poverty and deprivation in Europe: methodology and applications," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 5(1), pages 129-147.
    5. Ian Preston, 1995. "Sampling Distributions of Relative Poverty Statistics," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 44(1), pages 91-99, March.
    6. Zheng, Buhong, 2001. "Statistical inference for poverty measures with relative poverty lines," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 101(2), pages 337-356, April.
    7. Tim Goedemé, 2013. "How much Confidence can we have in EU-SILC? Complex Sample Designs and the Standard Error of the Europe 2020 Poverty Indicators," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 110(1), pages 89-110, January.
    8. Vijay Verma & Gianni Betti, 2011. "Taylor linearization sampling errors and design effects for poverty measures and other complex statistics," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(8), pages 1549-1576, August.
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