IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/qualqt/v56y2022i4d10.1007_s11135-021-01212-9.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

We do not measure what we aim to measure: Testing Three Measurement Models for Nationalism and Patriotism

Author

Listed:
  • Marlene Mußotter

    (University of Passau)

Abstract

The measurement models for both nationalism and patriotism originally developed by Blank and Schmidt are broadly established. Despite their widespread usage in Germany and beyond, concerns have been voiced about the operationalisation of these nation-related concepts. However, in previous scholarship little attention has been devoted to systematically reviewing the models’ validity. This paper’s major goal is to contribute substantially to research on operationalising national attitudes by thoroughly examining how both nationalism and patriotism are measured and how valid the predominant measurement models really are. By running a confirmatory factor analysis, three measurement models based on the ISSP data of 2003 are replicated and empirically reviewed. By conducting a single-country analysis, the models are tested for the German case, including the evaluation of measurement invariance for both Eastern and Western Germany. Although the selected measurement models yield satisfying results, the paper identifies considerable shortcomings with regard to the way both nationalism and patriotism are empirically approached. It calls for a reconceptualising of the prevailing concept of pride and thus challenges the predominant operationalisation.

Suggested Citation

  • Marlene Mußotter, 2022. "We do not measure what we aim to measure: Testing Three Measurement Models for Nationalism and Patriotism," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 2177-2197, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:qualqt:v:56:y:2022:i:4:d:10.1007_s11135-021-01212-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11135-021-01212-9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11135-021-01212-9
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11135-021-01212-9?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leonie Huddy & Nadia Khatib, 2007. "American Patriotism, National Identity, and Political Involvement," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 51(1), pages 63-77, January.
    2. Davidov, Eldad, 2009. "Measurement Equivalence of Nationalism and Constructive Patriotism in the ISSP: 34 Countries in a Comparative Perspective," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(1), pages 64-82, January.
    3. Rossalina Latcheva, 2011. "Cognitive interviewing and factor-analytic techniques: a mixed method approach to validity of survey items measuring national identity," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 45(6), pages 1175-1199, October.
    4. Rebecca Freeman & Richard Baldwin, 2022. "Risks and Global Supply Chains: What We Know and What We Need to Know," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 153-180, August.
    5. Laborde, Cã‰Cile, 2002. "From Constitutional to Civic Patriotism," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 32(4), pages 591-612, October.
    6. Marharyta Fabrykant & Vladimir Magun, 2015. "Grounded and Normative Dimensions of National Pride in Comparative Perspective," HSE Working papers WP BRP 62/SOC/2015, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    7. Lior Erez & Cécile Laborde, 2020. "Cosmopolitan Patriotism as a Civic Ideal," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 64(1), pages 191-203, January.
    8. Shang Ha & Seung-Jin Jang, 2015. "National Identity, National Pride, and Happiness: The Case of South Korea," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 121(2), pages 471-482, April.
    9. Rui J. P. De Figueiredo & Zachary Elkins, 2003. "Are Patriots Bigots? An Inquiry into the Vices of In‐Group Pride," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 47(1), pages 171-188, January.
    10. Elena Grimaccia & Alessia Naccarato, 2020. "Confirmatory factor analysis to validate a new measure of food insecurity: perceived and actual constructs," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1211-1232, August.
    11. ., 2017. "A positive theory of political economy with applications," Chapters, in: A General Theory of Economic Development, chapter 8, pages 151-174, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bastiaan Bruinsma & Marlene Mußotter, 2023. "A Move Forward: Exploring National Identity Through Non-linear Principal Component Analysis in Germany," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 885-903, February.
    2. Frederick Solt, 2008. "Diversionary Nationalism: Economic Inequality and the Formation of National Pride," LIS Working papers 495, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    3. Philip S. Morrison, 2016. "Pride and the city," REGION, European Regional Science Association, vol. 3, pages 103-124.
    4. Kai A. Konrad & Salmai Qari, 2012. "The Last Refuge of a Scoundrel? Patriotism and Tax Compliance," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 79(315), pages 516-533, July.
    5. Shang Ha & Seung-Jin Jang, 2015. "National Identity, National Pride, and Happiness: The Case of South Korea," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 121(2), pages 471-482, April.
    6. Natalie J Shook & Holly N Fitzgerald & Shelby T Boggs & Cameron G Ford & Patricia D Hopkins & Nicole M Silva, 2020. "Sexism, racism, and nationalism: Factors associated with the 2016 U.S. presidential election results?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, March.
    7. Julian Aichholzer & Sylvia Kritzinger & Carolina Plescia, 2021. "National identity profiles and support for the European Union," European Union Politics, , vol. 22(2), pages 293-315, June.
    8. Chenhao Sun & Jisoo Ha, 2019. "Fashion Designers and National Identity: A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Chinese and Korean Fashion Designers," Asian Culture and History, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(2), pages 1-75, September.
    9. Akinwumi Sharimakin & Rasheed O. Alao & Oluseyi Omosuyi, 2024. "Foreign remittances, deprivation and patriotism," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 58(1), pages 753-780, February.
    10. Tine Buyl & Thomas Gehrig & Jonas Schreyögg & Andreas Wieland, 2022. "Resilience: A Critical Appraisal of the State of Research for Business and Society," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 74(4), pages 453-463, December.
    11. Francois de Soyres & Ana Maria Santacreu & Henry L. Young, 2023. "Demand-Supply Imbalance during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Fiscal Policy," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 105(1), pages 21-50, January.
    12. Taiji Furusawa & Lili Yan Ing, . "G20’s Roles in Improving the Resilience of Supply Chains," Chapters,, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).
    13. Nicholas Bamegne Nambie & Philomena Dadzie & Dorcas Oye Haywood-Dadzie, 2023. "Measuring the Effect of Income Inequality, Financial Inclusion, Investment, and Unemployment, on Economic Growth in Africa: A Moderating Role of Digital Financial Technology," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(4), pages 111-124, July.
    14. Caravella, Serenella & Crespi, Francesco & Cucignatto, Giacomo & Guarascio, Dario, 2023. "Technological Sovereignty and Strategic Dependencies: The case of the Photovoltaic Supply Chain," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1330, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    15. Svante Janson, 2021. "Tensor norms on ordered normed spaces, polarization constants, and exchangeable distributions," Mathematische Nachrichten, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 294(8), pages 1484-1522, August.
    16. Alexander Mohr & Christian Schumacher, 2019. "The Contingent Effect of Patriotic Rhetoric on Firm Performance," Strategy Science, INFORMS, vol. 4(2), pages 94-110, June.
    17. Harms, Philipp & Steiner, Nils, 2019. "The China Shock and the Nationalist Backlash against Globalization: Attitudinal Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey," VfS Annual Conference 2019 (Leipzig): 30 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall - Democracy and Market Economy 203506, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    18. Gloria Allione & Claire Giordano, 2023. "Are the Happy Few still happy? Exporter heterogeneity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 816, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    19. Xiaowen Zhang & Yuxin Tang, 2024. "Digital diplomacy and domestic audience: how official discourse shapes nationalist sentiments in China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
    20. Tatiana Panyusheva & Maria Efremova, 2012. "A validation study of a Russian version of the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) using cognitive interviewing," HSE Working papers WP BRP 04/PSY/2012, National Research University Higher School of Economics.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:qualqt:v:56:y:2022:i:4:d:10.1007_s11135-021-01212-9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.