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Cause and damage analysis of 2010 flood disaster in district Muzaffar Garh, Pakistan

Author

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  • Shakeel Mahmood

    (GC University Lahore)

  • Asif Sajjad

    (Wuhan University)

  • Atta-ur Rahman

    (University of Peshawar)

Abstract

In this paper, the causes and damages of 2010 flood disaster were analyzed in districts Muzaffar Garh. The study area is one of the severely flood affected districts by floods in the past. A mix research approach is applied to analyse the 2010-flood generating factors and damages in the study area. Primary data were acquired through questionnaires, personal observations and Global Positioning System (GPS). Remote Sensing (RS) Landsat-7 ETM data were obtained from USGS online database for pre- and post-flooding periods to delineate the spatial extent of inundation and estimate different land covers classes with damages. Secondary data regarding Rainfall and river discharge were acquired from concerned Government Departments. Modified Normalized Difference in Water Index (MNDWI) was applied to extract inundation, and supervised image classification algorithm was utilized to classify land cover into different classes. The analysis indicates that the flood was generated by extreme rainfall event in the last week of July, 2010 in the upper catchment areas of River Indus. This generated ever highest discharge in the River Indus. As a consequence, this disastrous flow has breached the left marginal embankment (LME) near Taunsa barrage. Spatially, more than half of the land area was inundated. Moreover, the analysis showed that the inundation incurred total estimated economic loss of about 9.85 million US$. Out of total, the maximum damages of 4.45 million US$ were reported from agriculture sector followed by infrastructures 3.5 million US$. This study will provide an empirical basis for flood disaster management authorities to plan disaster response activity and mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of potential damages. The results can also assist decision makers to evaluate breaching points.

Suggested Citation

  • Shakeel Mahmood & Asif Sajjad & Atta-ur Rahman, 2021. "Cause and damage analysis of 2010 flood disaster in district Muzaffar Garh, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 107(2), pages 1681-1692, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:107:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-021-04652-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04652-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bushra Khalid & Bueh Cholaw & Débora Souza Alvim & Shumaila Javeed & Junaid Aziz Khan & Muhammad Asif Javed & Azmat Hayat Khan, 2018. "Riverine flood assessment in Jhang district in connection with ENSO and summer monsoon rainfall over Upper Indus Basin for 2010," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 92(2), pages 971-993, June.
    2. S. Jonkman & J. Vrijling & A. Vrouwenvelder, 2008. "Methods for the estimation of loss of life due to floods: a literature review and a proposal for a new method," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 46(3), pages 353-389, September.
    3. S. Jonkman, 2005. "Global Perspectives on Loss of Human Life Caused by Floods," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 34(2), pages 151-175, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shakeel Mahmood & Razia Rani, 2022. "People-centric geo-spatial exposure and damage assessment of 2014 flood in lower Chenab Basin, upper Indus Plain in Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(3), pages 3053-3069, April.
    2. Asif Sajjad & Jianzhong Lu & Xiaoling Chen & Chikondi Chisenga & Nausheen Mazhar & Basit Nadeem, 2022. "Riverine flood mapping and impact assessment using remote sensing technique: a case study of Chenab flood-2014 in Multan district, Punjab, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(3), pages 2207-2226, February.

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