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The Compound Poisson Surplus Model with Interest and Liquid Reserves: Analysis of the Gerber–Shiu Discounted Penalty Function

Author

Listed:
  • Jun Cai

    (University of Waterloo)

  • Runhuan Feng

    (University of Waterloo)

  • Gordon E. Willmot

    (University of Waterloo)

Abstract

We modify the compound Poisson surplus model for an insurer by including liquid reserves and interest on the surplus. When the surplus of an insurer is below a fixed level, the surplus is kept as liquid reserves, which do not earn interest. When the surplus attains the level, the excess of the surplus over the level will receive interest at a constant rate. If the level goes to infinity, the modified model is reduced to the classical compound Poisson risk model. If the level is set to zero, the modified model becomes the compound Poisson risk model with interest. We study ruin probability and other quantities related to ruin in the modified compound Poisson surplus model by the Gerber–Shiu function and discuss the impact of interest and liquid reserves on the ruin probability, the deficit at ruin, and other ruin quantities. First, we derive a system of integro-differential equations for the Gerber–Shiu function. By solving the system of equations, we obtain the general solution for the Gerber–Shiu function. Then, we give the exact solutions for the Gerber–Shiu function when the initial surplus is equal to the liquid reserve level or equal to zero. These solutions are the key to the exact solution for the Gerber–Shiu function in general cases. As applications, we derive the exact solution for the zero discounted Gerber–Shiu function when claim sizes are exponentially distributed and the exact solution for the ruin probability when claim sizes have Erlang(2) distributions. Finally, we use numerical examples to illustrate the impact of interest and liquid reserves on the ruin probability.

Suggested Citation

  • Jun Cai & Runhuan Feng & Gordon E. Willmot, 2009. "The Compound Poisson Surplus Model with Interest and Liquid Reserves: Analysis of the Gerber–Shiu Discounted Penalty Function," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 401-423, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:metcap:v:11:y:2009:i:3:d:10.1007_s11009-007-9050-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11009-007-9050-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sundt, Bjorn & Teugels, Jozef L., 1995. "Ruin estimates under interest force," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 7-22, April.
    2. Hans Gerber & Elias Shiu, 1998. "On the Time Value of Ruin," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(1), pages 48-72.
    3. Cai, Jun & Dickson, David C. M., 2002. "On the expected discounted penalty function at ruin of a surplus process with interest," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 389-404, June.
    4. Sundt, Bjorn & Teugels, Jozef L., 1997. "The adjustment function in ruin estimates under interest force," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 85-94, April.
    5. Cai, Jun, 2004. "Ruin probabilities and penalty functions with stochastic rates of interest," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 112(1), pages 53-78, July.
    6. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S. W., 1997. "The joint distribution of the time of ruin, the surplus immediately before ruin, and the deficit at ruin," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 129-137, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Franck Adékambi & Essodina Takouda, 2020. "Gerber–Shiu Function in a Class of Delayed and Perturbed Risk Model with Dependence," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-25, March.
    2. He, Yue & Kawai, Reiichiro & Shimizu, Yasutaka & Yamazaki, Kazutoshi, 2023. "The Gerber-Shiu discounted penalty function: A review from practical perspectives," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 1-28.
    3. Eric C. K. Cheung & David Landriault, 2012. "On a Risk Model with Surplus-dependent Premium and Tax Rates," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 233-251, June.
    4. Sooie-Hoe Loke & Enrique Thomann, 2018. "Numerical Ruin Probability in the Dual Risk Model with Risk-Free Investments," Risks, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-13, October.
    5. Schmidli, Hanspeter, 2015. "Extended Gerber–Shiu functions in a risk model with interest," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 271-275.
    6. Yue He & Reiichiro Kawai & Yasutaka Shimizu & Kazutoshi Yamazaki, 2022. "The Gerber-Shiu discounted penalty function: A review from practical perspectives," Papers 2203.10680, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2022.
    7. Cheung, Eric C.K., 2011. "A generalized penalty function in Sparre Andersen risk models with surplus-dependent premium," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 384-397, May.

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