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Koszt kapitału w teorii i praktyce przedsiębiorstw

Author

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  • Aleksandra Duliniec

Abstract

W artykule przedstawiono pojęcie kosztu kapitału w przedsiębiorstwie od strony teoretycznej oraz praktyczne aspekty wykorzystania informacji o nim w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwami. Zaprezentowano także wyniki badania ankietowego polskich spółek handlowych dotyczącego roli kosztu kapitału w podejmowaniu decyzji w przedsiębiorstwie. Koszt kapitału ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla wyceny wartości ekonomicznej całego przed-iębiorstwa lub jego poszczególnych części oraz oceny wartości bieżącej netto projektów inwestycyjnych. Umożliwia on bowiem przekształcenie przyszłych przepływów pieniężnych netto spodziewanych z danych aktywów w wartość bieżącą tych aktywów. Koszt kapitału jest wykorzystywany jako stopa dyskontowa przy aktualizowaniu przyszłych przepływów pieniężnych. Jego rola w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwem jest w dużej mierze uzależniona od zakresu wykorzystywania przez nie wyceny wartości ekonomicznej opartej na metodzie zdyskontowanych przepływów pieniężnych. Porównanie zrealizowanej stopy zwrotu z kapitału zainwestowanego w przedsiębiorstwie ze średnim ważonym kosztem tego kapitału pozwala ocenić, czy przedsiębiorstwo jest zdolne do tworzenia wartości dodanej (miernik EVA). Na podstawie wyników badania ankietowego można stwierdzić, że pojęcie kosztu kapitału jest interpretowane w polskich przedsiębiorstwach nie zawsze w ten sam sposób. Ponadto, informacje o koszcie kapitału są wykorzystywane jedynie w około połowie ankietowanych spółek, głównie w zakresie oceny opłacalności projektów inwestycyjnych, wyceny wartości przedsiębiorstwa lub składników jego aktywów, wyboru źródeł finansowania oraz oceny wyników działalności przedsiębiorstwa (np. obliczanie EVA).

Suggested Citation

  • Aleksandra Duliniec, 2012. "Koszt kapitału w teorii i praktyce przedsiębiorstw," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 1-18.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2012:i:3:p:1-18
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. J. Hirshleifer, 1958. "On the Theory of Optimal Investment Decision," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 66, pages 329-329.
    2. Myers, Stewart C., 1984. "Capital structure puzzle," Working papers 1548-84., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management.
    3. Myers, Stewart C, 1984. "The Capital Structure Puzzle," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 39(3), pages 575-592, July.
    4. Stewart C. Myers, 1984. "Capital Structure Puzzle," NBER Working Papers 1393, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    koszt kapitału; stopa zwrotu; ryzyko; struktura kapitału; inwestycje; wycena wartości przedsiębiorstwa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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