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Поведенческая экономика: экзотика или наука? // Behavioral economics: science or exoticism?

Author

Listed:
  • I. Drogobytsky N.
  • И. Дрогобыцкий Н.

    (Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации)

Abstract

While studying economics as a science and an active sphere of human activity, scientists aim to give consistency to their knowledge, ensure that they are adequate and constructive. To achieve the desired characteristics mentioned economic knowledge they draw on the achievements of other sciences, attracted by their methodology, tools and evidence of logic. In particular, to organize the synthesis of old and new economic knowledge in addition to the economic theory and its application specific discipline - management, marketing, forecasting, planning, accounting, control, analysis, finance, taxes, investments, etc. - Successfully used the scientific and methodological arsenal of mathematics, computer science, psychology, sociology, cultural studies, conflict resolution systems theory and other scientific fields. At various times one or another scientific field has a dominant position in economic science, which gives reason to assign it a specific place- names - natural, classical, neoclassical, behavioral. Currently dominated by the neo-classical (mainstream) the concept of the economy. The center is marked by the concept of economic man (homo economicus). It’s sort of a poluchelovek-polurobot, who knows everything, remembers everything and calculates, having stable “selfish” preferences, always act rationally, maximizing its own profits. Despite the fact that in real life it is not so - a reasonable man (homo sapiens) is always subject to the emotions and very often takes erroneous, irrational decisions - neoclassical economics continues to be zealous in mathematization and informatization of their decisions, completely oblivious to the fall of human trust in the them. In an effort to “humanize” too hard, the best solutions generated strictly deterministic algorithmic information systems, practitioners, economists transformed them into “digestible” options implemented management actions. The last being a broken through the prism of emotional and intuitive inner face of the world, decision- making, are always elements of subjectivity and irrationality. This behavior is inherent in human nature, and therefore subject to scrutiny, learning and improvement. Actually it is engaged and behavioral economics, the main provisions of which are considered in this article. Изучая экономику как науку и сферу активной человеческой жизнедеятельности, ученые стремятся придать системность своим знаниям, обеспечить их адекватность и конструктивность. Для достижения отмеченных целевых характеристик экономического знания они опираются на достижения других наук, привлекают их методологию, инструментарий и логику доказательств. В частности, для систематизации старых и синтеза новых экономических знаний, помимо самой экономической теории и ее конкретных дисциплинарных приложений - менеджмента, маркетинга, прогнозирования, планирования, учета, контроля, анализа, финансов, налогов, инвестиций и т.д., с успехом используется научно-методологический арсенал математики, информатики, психологии, социологии, культурологии и других научных направлений. В различные времена то или иное научное направление занимает доминирующее положение в экономической науке, что дает основание для присвоения ей специфического топонимического названия - натуральная, классическая, неоклассическая, поведенческая и т.п. В настоящее время доминирует неоклассическая (мейнстримовская) концепция экономики. В центре отмеченной концепции находится человек экономический ( homo economicus ). Это такой получеловек-полуробот, который всегда поступает рационально, максимизируя собственную выгоду. Несмотря на то что в реальной жизни все не так - человек разумный ( homo sapiens ) всегда подвержен эмоциям и очень часто принимает ошибочные, нерациональные решения - неоклассическая экономика продолжает усердствовать в математизации и информатизации своих решений, абсолютно не обращая внимания на падение человеческого доверия к ним. Стремясь «очеловечить» чрезмерно жесткие, оптимальные решения, генерируемые строго детерминированными информационно-алгоритмическими системами, практикующие экономисты трансформируют их в «удобоваримые» варианты реализуемых управленческих воздействий. Последние, будучи преломленными через эмоционально-интуитивную призму внутреннего мира лица, принимающего решения, всегда несут элементы субъективности и иррациональности. Такое поведение органически присуще человеческой природе, а следовательно, подлежит тщательному изучению, познанию и совершенствованию. Этим и занимается поведенческая экономика, основные положения которой рассматриваются в настоящей статье.

Suggested Citation

  • I. Drogobytsky N. & И. Дрогобыцкий Н., 2016. "Поведенческая экономика: экзотика или наука? // Behavioral economics: science or exoticism?," Мир новой экономики // The world of new economy, Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Governtment оf The Russian Federation, issue 3, pages 94-105.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:wnewec:y:2016:i:3:p:94-105
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tversky, Amos & Kahneman, Daniel, 1992. "Advances in Prospect Theory: Cumulative Representation of Uncertainty," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 5(4), pages 297-323, October.
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