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Развитие макропруденциального регулирования банковского кредитования физических лиц в России // The Development of Macroprudential Regulation of Bank Household Lending in Russia

Author

Listed:
  • O. Miroshnichenko S.

    (University of Tyumen)

  • N. Voronova S.

    (Saint-Petersburg University)

  • V. Gamukin V.

    (University of Tyumen)

  • О. Мирошниченко С.

    (Тюменский государственный университет)

  • Н. Воронова С.

    (Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет)

  • В. Гамукин В.

    (Тюменский государственный университет)

Abstract

The article highlights the use of macroprudential instruments by the Bank of Russia that regulate the population Lending of the Russian banking sector. The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical background and practical results of using indicators of the total cost of credit and the debt load of the population to ensure stability of the banking sector. The authors used methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of scientific publications, regulatory sources, retrospective statistics. The study showed that initially, the regulator introduces new macroprudential instruments as recommended, and subsequently transfers them to mandatory. The regulatory mechanism is based on the ratio dependence of the bank capital adequacy on the actual values of the total loan cost and debt load of the borrower - individual. The mortgage debt to collateral value ratio supports the housing mortgage lending regulation process. The authors concluded that the banking sector’s reaction to the introduction of the total credit cost indicator is more prominent than the introduction of the debt burden indicator. When the Bank of Russia obliged to take into account the full cost of the loan when measuring capital adequacy, banks were not able to increase capital; they reduced high-risk lending. The practice of macroprudential regulation of credit risks in the banking sector is complemented by the introduction of credit holidays for borrowers - individuals, who are struggling because of the pandemic. The obtained theoretical and practical results can be used in the development of the financial stability regulation practice in Russia, at the micro-level - when designing and changing credit policy. Статья посвящена применению Банком России макропруденциальных инструментов, регулирующих кредитные операции российского банковского сектора с населением. Цель работы - исследовать теоретические предпосылки и практические результаты использования показателей полной стоимости кредита и долговой нагрузки населения для обеспечения стабильности банковского сектора. Использованы методы качественного и количественного анализа научных публикаций, нормативно-правовых источников, ретроспективных статистических данных. Исследование показало, что новые макропруденциальные инструменты регулятор первоначально вводит как рекомендуемые, а в дальнейшем переводит в обязательные. Механизм регулирования основан на зависимости показателей достаточности банковского капитала от фактических значений показателей полной стоимости кредита и долговой нагрузки заемщика - физического лица. Регулирование ипотечного жилищного кредитования дополнено использованием показателя, характеризующего соотношение между ипотечным долгом и стоимостью обеспечения. Сделан вывод, что реакция банковского сектора на введение показателя полной стоимости кредита более выраженная, чем на введение показателя долговой нагрузки. С введением механизма определения достаточности банковского капитала в зависимости от показателя полной стоимости кредита физическому лицу в условиях ограниченных возможностей банков увеличивать собственные средства пропорционально растущей величине рисков банки сократили выдачи высокорискованных кредитов. На фоне пандемии коронавируса практику макропруденциального регулирования кредитного риска банковского сектора дополняет административное введение кредитных каникул в связи с возможным снижением доходов заемщиков - физических лиц. Полученные теоретические и практические результаты могут быть использованы при развитии практики регулирования финансовой стабильности российского банковского сектора, на микроуровне - при формировании и корректировке кредитной политики.

Suggested Citation

  • O. Miroshnichenko S. & N. Voronova S. & V. Gamukin V. & О. Мирошниченко С. & Н. Воронова С. & В. Гамукин В., 2020. "Развитие макропруденциального регулирования банковского кредитования физических лиц в России // The Development of Macroprudential Regulation of Bank Household Lending in Russia," Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice // Finance: Theory and Practice, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 24(4), pages 75-87.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:financ:y:2020:i:4:p:75-87
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vladimir N. Alekseev & Nikolay N. Sharkov, 2019. "Approaches to Development of Financial Infrastructure Informational-Regulative System," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 2, pages 109-121, April.
    2. Badarau, Cristina & Carias, Marcos & Figuet, Jean-Marc, 2020. "Cross-border spillovers of macroprudential policy in the Euro area," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 1-13.
    3. Punzi, Maria Teresa, 2020. "The impact of uncertainty on the macro-financial linkage with international financial exposure," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    4. Krüger, Steffen & Rösch, Daniel & Scheule, Harald, 2018. "The impact of loan loss provisioning on bank capital requirements," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 114-129.
    5. Do, Hung Xuan & Rösch, Daniel & Scheule, Harald, 2018. "Predicting loss severities for residential mortgage loans: A three-step selection approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 270(1), pages 246-259.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    G21; G28; G21; G28; payment-to-income ratio (PTI); debt-to-income ratio (DTI); bank capital adequacy; macroprudential policy; household income; non-performing loans (NPL); loan loss provisions; pandemic; показатель долговой нагрузки PTI; отношение долга к доходам DTI; достаточность капитала банка; макропруденциальная политика; доходы населения; неработающие ссуды; резерв на возможные потери по ссудам; пандемия;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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