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Qualifications Frameworks Between Global and European Pressures and Local Responses

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  • Borut Mikulec
  • Klara Skubic Ermenc

Abstract

The article considers the Europeanization of education, a process that is taking place in the European Union (EU) as a result of the establishment of a common education policy and that is playing a part in determining the development of education policies in EU member states and candidate countries. The concept of Europeanization serves as a methodological tool with which to analyze one of the fundamental political instruments of European education policy, namely, the European Qualifications Framework (EQF), and also the national qualifications frameworks (NQFs) that are emerging under its influence. In the case of our analysis of the NQF that has been prepared by Slovenia, we demonstrate that the formulation of the EQF and NQFs in the EU is influenced by two factors: by the Anglo-Saxon countries, which were the first to establish a qualifications framework of the modern type, and by global neoliberal policy, with its tendency toward the deregulation, marketization, and commodification of education. At the same time, we tried to show that NQFs in continental Europe have resulted, by virtue of their local specificities, in frameworks that differ considerably from qualifications in the Anglo-Saxon countries. It appears that the effects of globalization and Europeanization on education are unpredictable, because policies are never simply copied into national systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Borut Mikulec & Klara Skubic Ermenc, 2016. "Qualifications Frameworks Between Global and European Pressures and Local Responses," SAGE Open, , vol. 6(2), pages 21582440166, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:6:y:2016:i:2:p:2158244016644948
    DOI: 10.1177/2158244016644948
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roberto Scaramuzzino & Magnus Wennerhag, 2015. "Civil Society Organizations Going European?," SAGE Open, , vol. 5(2), pages 21582440155, June.
    2. Allais, Stephanie. & Raffe, David. & Young, Michael., 2009. "Researching NQFs : some conceptual issues," ILO Working Papers 994481323402676, International Labour Organization.
    3. Radaelli, Claudio M., 2004. "Europeanisation: Solution or problem?," European Integration online Papers (EIoP), European Community Studies Association Austria (ECSA-A), vol. 8, October.
    4. repec:ilo:ilowps:376646 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Mauro Tebaldi & Marco Calaresu, 2013. "Level of Europeanization and Policy Outcomes," SAGE Open, , vol. 3(2), pages 21582440134, June.
    6. Young, Michael., 2005. "National qualifications frameworks : their feasibility for effective implementation in developing countries," ILO Working Papers 993766463402676, International Labour Organization.
    7. AfDB AfDB, . "Annual Report 2012," Annual Report, African Development Bank, number 461.
    8. repec:ilo:ilowps:448132 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Cited by:

    1. Petra Biberhofer, 2019. "The economization of education and the implications of the quasi-commodification of knowledge on higher education for sustainable development," SRE-Disc sre-disc-2019_01, Institute for Multilevel Governance and Development, Department of Socioeconomics, Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    2. Jorg Markowitsch & Günter Hefler, 2019. "Future developments in Vocational Education and Training in Europe," JRC Working Papers on Labour, Education and Technology 2019-07, Joint Research Centre.

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