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COVID-19 in India: A Comparative Analysis of the Kerala and Gujarat Development Models’ Initial Responses

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  • Shelli Israelsen

    (Independent Scholar, Utah, USA)

  • Andrea Malji

    (Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA)

Abstract

Significant variations in infection, testing, and mortality rates have exposed key differences in the initial COVID-19 response by Indian states. At the onset of the pandemic, states like Gujarat, known for its large economic output, suffered high COVID-19 case fatality rates, a disorganized response, and poor access to healthcare. In contrast, Kerala, a less industrialized state on India’s southwestern coast, experienced low infection rates and fatalities. The low case fatality rate was accompanied by widespread access to care, extensive testing, and an organized response by the state. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to compare how the Gujarat and Kerala models performed. Since 2000, the Gujarat model has emphasized industrialization and economic development, often at the expense of social development. In contrast, the Kerala model emphasizes social development, often at the expense of economic development. This article analyses the initial response to COVID-19 by Kerala and Gujarat and finds that the Kerala model and its emphasis on social development helped the state respond more effectively to the first wave of the pandemic compared to Gujarat.

Suggested Citation

  • Shelli Israelsen & Andrea Malji, 2021. "COVID-19 in India: A Comparative Analysis of the Kerala and Gujarat Development Models’ Initial Responses," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 21(4), pages 397-418, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:prodev:v:21:y:2021:i:4:p:397-418
    DOI: 10.1177/14649934211030462
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Heller, Patrick, 1996. "Social capital as a product of class mobilization and state intervention: Industrial workers in Kerala, India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 24(6), pages 1055-1071, June.
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