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Deliberative Democracy and Inequality: Two Cheers for Enclave Deliberation among the Disempowered

Author

Listed:
  • Christopher F. Karpowitz

    (Brigham Young University, Provo, UT)

  • Chad Raphael

    (Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA,craphael@scu.edu)

  • Allen S. Hammond IV

    (Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA)

Abstract

Deliberative democracy grounds its legitimacy largely in the ability of speakers to participate on equal terms. Yet theorists and practitioners have struggled with how to establish deliberative equality in the face of stark differences of power in liberal democracies. Designers of innovative civic forums for deliberation often aim to neutralize inequities among participants through proportional inclusion of disempowered speakers and discourses. In contrast, others argue that democratic equality is best achieved when disempowered groups deliberate in their own enclaves (interest groups, parties, and movements) before entering the broader public sphere. Borrowing from each perspective, the authors argue that there are strong reasons to incorporate enclave deliberation among the disempowered within civic forums. They support this claim by presenting case study evidence showing that participants in such forums can gain some of the same benefits of deliberation found in more heterogeneous groups (e.g., political knowledge, efficacy and trust), can consider a diversity of viewpoints rather than falling into groupthink and polarization, and can persuade external stakeholders of the legitimacy of the group’s deliberations.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher F. Karpowitz & Chad Raphael & Allen S. Hammond IV, 2009. "Deliberative Democracy and Inequality: Two Cheers for Enclave Deliberation among the Disempowered," Politics & Society, , vol. 37(4), pages 576-615, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:polsoc:v:37:y:2009:i:4:p:576-615
    DOI: 10.1177/0032329209349226
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Andrés Rolando Ciro Gómez, 2020. "El derecho fundamental a deliberar : análisis de la moralidad política de su privación a los miembros de la Fuerza Pública en Colombia," Books, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho, number 1187, October.
    2. Diarmuid Torney, 2021. "Deliberative Mini-Publics and the European Green Deal in Turbulent Times: The Irish and French Climate Assemblies," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(3), pages 380-390.
    3. Gugushvili, Alexi & Reeves, Aaron, 2021. "How democracy alters our view of inequality — and what it means for our health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    4. Dryzek, John S. & Stevenson, Hayley, 2011. "Global democracy and earth system governance," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(11), pages 1865-1874, September.
    5. Fanni Bársony & György Lengyel & Éva Perpék, 2020. "Enclave deliberation and common-pool resources: an attempt to apply Civic Preference Forum on community gardening in Hungary," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 687-708, April.
    6. Justin Reedy & Raymond Orr & Paul Spicer & Jessica W. Blanchard & Vanessa Y. Hiratsuka & Terry S. Ketchum & Bobby Saunkeah & Kyle Wark & R. Brian Woodbury, 2020. "Deliberative democracy and historical perspectives on American Indian/Alaska native political decision-making practices," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 1-11, December.

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