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Democratic Diversions

Author

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  • Christopher Gelpi

    (Center for International Affairs, Harvard University)

Abstract

Students of international politics have often argued that state leaders initiate the use of force internationally to divert attention away from domestic problems. The author contends that these arguments concerning the relationship between domestic unrest and international conflict are not supported empirically because they focus too narrowly on the incentives state leaders have to use external force as a diversionary tactic without considering alternative solutions to quieting domestic unrest. It is hypothesized that democratic leaders will respond to domestic unrest by diverting attention by using force internationally. On the other hand, authoritarian leaders are expected to repress the unrest directly, and these acts of repression will make them less likely to use force internationally. An analysis of the initiation of force by the challenging states in 180 international crises between 1948 and 1982 strongly supports these hypotheses. The results of the analyses and their implications for the literature on diversionary conflicts and the rapidly growing literature on democratic peace are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher Gelpi, 1997. "Democratic Diversions," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 41(2), pages 255-282, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:41:y:1997:i:2:p:255-282
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002797041002003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mueller, John E., 1970. "Presidential Popularity from Truman to Johnson1," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 64(1), pages 18-34, March.
    2. Hess, Gregory D & Orphanides, Athanasios, 1995. "War Politics: An Economic, Rational-Voter Framework," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 85(4), pages 828-846, September.
    3. Rousseau, David L. & Gelpi, Christopher & Reiter, Dan & Huth, Paul K., 1996. "Assessing the Dyadic Nature of the Democratic Peace, 1918–88," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 90(3), pages 512-533, September.
    4. Ostrom, Charles W. & Job, Brian L., 1986. "The President and the Political Use of Force," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 80(2), pages 541-566, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Carlson Lisa J. & Dacey Raymond, 2013. "An Overview of the Influence of Domestic Constraints on Crisis Initiation and Termination," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(3), pages 403-413, December.

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