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La genèse et l’évolution de la théorie des cycles de Hayek

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  • Dostaler, Gilles

    (Département de sciences économiques, Université du Québec à Montréal)

Abstract

Friedrich Hayek's theory of business cycles, inspired by the analyses of Böhm-Bawerk and Wicksell amongst others, was regarded at the beginning of the 1930's as the main competitor to Keynes' approach. Slipping into oblivion after the publication of the General Theory, it has since then seen a resurgence, with authors such as Lucas, for example, claiming that they are pursuing Hayek's research programme. This paper offers an account of the genesis of Hayek's theory of business fluctuations, drawing on his published work, some of which is little known. One can distinguish three stages in the evolution of the thought of this key theorist of contemporary liberalism: the elaboration, which was sustained by his reflection on the emergence from crisis of 1920 in the U.S.; the consolidation, which accompanied the onset of the Great Depression; and the revision, in reaction to both critics and the events punctuating the slow and miserable emergence from the Depression of the 1930's. Throughout its evolution and transformations, this theory retains a permanent core, based on the vision of saving developed by Turgot, Smith and Say. It was also grounded, in a manner similar to that of all great economists, in Hayek's early-acquired ethical and political convictions. La théorie des cycles de Friedrich Hayek, inspirée entre autres par les analyses de Böhm-Bawerk et de Wicksell, se présentait au début des années trente comme la principale concurrente de l’approche de Keynes. Tombée dans l’oubli après la publication de la Théorie générale, elle connaît un regain de popularité depuis une trentaine d’années, alors que des auteurs comme Lucas, par exemple, disent renouer avec le programme de recherche de Hayek. Ce texte propose une étude génétique de la théorie des fluctuations cycliques de Hayek, en s’appuyant sur l’ensemble de ses publications, dont plusieurs sont peu connues. On distingue trois étapes dans cette évolution de la pensée d’un des principaux théoriciens du libéralisme contemporain : l’élaboration, qui se nourrit entre autres d’une réflexion sur la sortie de la crise de 1920 aux États-Unis; la consolidation, qui accompagne le déclenchement de la grande dépression; la révision, en réaction tant aux critiques qu’aux événements qui ponctuent la lente et pénible sortie de la crise des années trente. À travers son évolution et ses transformations, cette théorie s’appuie sur un noyau permanent, fondé sur la vision de l’épargne élaborée par Turgot, Smith et Say. Elle découle aussi, comme c’est le cas de tous les grands économistes, de convictions éthiques et politiques très tôt acquises par Hayek.

Suggested Citation

  • Dostaler, Gilles, 2001. "La genèse et l’évolution de la théorie des cycles de Hayek," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 77(2), pages 207-230, juin.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:77:y:2001:i:2:p:207-230
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    1. Zamagni, Stefano, 1984. "Ricardo and Hayek Effects in a Fixwage Model of Traverse," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 36(0), pages 135-151, Supplemen.
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    3. Ulrich Witt, 1997. "The Hayekian Puzzle: Spontaneous Order and the Business Cycle," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 44(1), pages 44-58, February.
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    6. Tom Wilson, 1940. "Capital Theory and the Trade Cycle," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 7(3), pages 169-179.
    7. Hicks, J. R., 1979. "Critical Essays in Monetary Theory," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198284239.
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    Cited by:

    1. Facchini, François, 2004. "La théorie autrichienne des cycles : une théorie de la récurrence des erreurs collectives d’anticipation," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 80(1), pages 67-94, Mars.

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