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Le repérage macroéconomique des fluctuations longues : une évaluation critique de quelques travaux modernes

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  • Jacky Fayolle

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[eng] The macroeconomic measurement of long waves : a critical valuation of some modern studies Jacky Fayolle This paper is a critical comment of some recent studies concerning the statistical analysis of long waves in the industrialized capitalist economies. It is not an exhaustive survey of such studies, which have blossomed in the international literature during the last twenty years. The paper selects a limited set of studies, which adequately cover the different streams and have an actual methodological as well as empirical contribution. It offers a critical valuation of their methods and conclusions. These statistical and analytical studies reinvestigate issues which were already addressed by the first important works concerning long waves, at the beginning of the century. Consequently, the paper starts with a reference to the polemics between Kondratieff and his soviet colleagues. In fact these polemics were very similar to the present ones, though expressed differently. The paper deals with methodological problems, which are recurrent in the tradition of long waves' studies. These problems are linked to the theoretical frameworks of economic history. Their discussion reveals the role of particular events (wars and migrations principally), which depend on the long waves but which modify their pattern and dynamics. The conclusions of serious statistical works trying to measure macroeconomic long waves seem only limited jmd precarious. But, in spite of this precaution, the paper admits the empirical existence of Kondratieff's long waves. Going beyond thaf descriptive conclusion would suppose a larger investigation about long term economic and institutional dynamics which could produce macroeconomic long waves. [fre] Cet article se livre à un examen critique de travaux récents centrés sur la mise en évidence et l'analyse statistiques des fluctuations longues qui animent la dynamique historique des économies capitalistes industrialisées. Il ne s'agit pas d'une revue exhaustive de tels travaux, très nombreux depuis une vingtaine d'années dans la littérature internationale. Le lecteur intéressé pourra trouver dans l'ouvrage récent de Bosserelle (1994) un inventaire plus complet. L'optique adoptée ici est différente : sélectionner un ensemble restreint de travaux, jugés significatifs en raison de leur apport méthodologique et empirique et représentatifs de différentes thèses en présence ; se livrer sur chacun d'eux à une évaluation critique qui permette une appréciation fondée de leurs conclusions. Ces travaux statistiques et analytiques reprennent bien souvent à leur façon des interrogations et des problématiques qui étaient déjà présents, de manière plus ou moins explicite et avec un autre langage, dans les premiers travaux d'ampleur sur les fluctuations longues, au début du siècle. C'est pour cette raison que l'article commence par une référence aux polémiques entre Kondratieff et ses collègues soviétiques car, en leur fond, elles n'ont guère vieilli. Il ne s 'agit pas de produire unrésumé historique de la tradition séculaire des travaux sur les fluctuations longues (il ne manque pas de références en la matière comme, de nouveau, Bosserelle (1994) ou l'introduction de Fontvieille à l'édition française des principaux articles de Kondratieff (1992)), mais d'exhiber questions et difficultés méthodologiques, voire impasses, qui sont répétitives dans cette tradition. Les questions de méthode soulevées par les travaux empiriques sont le plus souvent liées aux représentations théoriques de l'histoire économique. Leur discussion met en évidence le rôle d'événements circonstanciés, guerres et migrations notamment, qui, quoique non indépendants des fluctuations longues soumises à examen, en modifient l'allure et le destin. Elle amène à insister sur le caractère limité des conclusions qui peuvent être attendues d'un travail rigoureux de repérage macroéconomique des fluctuations longues. L'article ne cède pas néanmoins à l'agnosticisme. Ses conclusions, nuancées, reconnaissent sous certaines conditions fexistence empirique de mouvements longs de type Kondratieff. Aller au-delà du repérage descriptif de tels mouvements nécessite d'identifier et d'observer d'éventuelles régulations de longue période susceptibles d'engendrer les résultats macroéconomiques qui n'en sont que la trace imprécise et incertaine. La deuxième partie de l'article, à venir, sera consacrée à une revue de travaux récents en la matière.

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  • Jacky Fayolle, 1994. "Le repérage macroéconomique des fluctuations longues : une évaluation critique de quelques travaux modernes," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 51(1), pages 123-166.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1994_num_51_1_1381
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1994.1381
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1994.1381
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    1. Hans J. Gerster, 1992. "Testing Long Waves in Price and Volume Series from Sixteen Countries," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Alfred Kleinknecht & Ernest Mandel & Immanuel Wallerstein (ed.), New Findings in Long-Wave Research, chapter 5, pages 120-147, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. Éric Bosserelle, 1993. "Quelques éléments de réflexion au sujet des cycles Kondratieff," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 8(4), pages 147-193.
    3. Philippe Sigogne & Véronique Riches, 1993. "Genèse des indicateurs cycliques, et maturation aux États-Unis," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 45(1), pages 199-244.
    4. Arthur F. Burns & Wesley C. Mitchell, 1946. "Measuring Business Cycles," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number burn46-1, May.
    5. Rainer Metz, 1992. "A Re-examination of Long Waves in Aggregate Production Series," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Alfred Kleinknecht & Ernest Mandel & Immanuel Wallerstein (ed.), New Findings in Long-Wave Research, chapter 4, pages 80-119, Palgrave Macmillan.
    6. van Ewijk, Casper, 1982. "A Spectral Analysis of the Kondratieff-Cycle," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(3), pages 468-499.
    7. Jacky Fayolle & Alexandre Mathis, 1993. "Tendances et cycles stylisés dans les pays du G7 - Une approche stochastique," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 47(1), pages 201-233.
    8. Jan P. G. Reijnders, 1992. "Between Trends and Trade Cycles: Kondratieff Long Waves Revisited," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Alfred Kleinknecht & Ernest Mandel & Immanuel Wallerstein (ed.), New Findings in Long-Wave Research, chapter 2, pages 15-44, Palgrave Macmillan.
    9. Jan Reijnders, 1990. "Long Waves in Economic Development," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 366.
    10. Rainer Metz & Winfried Stier, 1992. "Filter Design in the Frequency Domain," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Alfred Kleinknecht & Ernest Mandel & Immanuel Wallerstein (ed.), New Findings in Long-Wave Research, chapter 3, pages 45-79, Palgrave Macmillan.
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    1. Carine Bouthevillain, 1996. "Les cycles des grands pays industrialisés. des croissances plus proches mais des zones déphasées," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 298(1), pages 71-91.

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