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Retraite, activités non professionnelles et vieillissement cognitif. Une exploration à partir des données de Share

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  • Éric Bonsang
  • Stéphane Adam
  • Sophie Germain
  • Sergio Perelman

Abstract

[fre] Une approche en termes de frontières d'efficacité peut être utilisée pour étudier les relations entre les fonctions cognitives des personnes âgées de plus de 50 ans en Europe d'une part, et différents facteurs, plus particulièrement l'âge, l'éducation et l'exercice d'activités, professionnelles ou non, d'autre part. Le but est de construire une « frontière » correspondant au fonctionnement cognitif optimal que chacun des individus est censé atteindre étant donné son âge et son niveau d'éducation. À cette fin, nous utilisons des données individuelles collectées durant la première vague de l'enquête internationale et interdisciplinaire Share de 2004, laquelle contient le résultat de tests cognitifs réalisés auprès de plus de 22 000 individus âgés, ainsi que des informations sur leur état de santé, mentale et physique, leur situation socio-économique, leur entourage familial, l'exercice d'activités professionnelles ou non professionnelles, l'isolement social et les performances cognitives individuelles mesurées à l'aide de tests. En plus du rôle fondamental joué par l'éducation face au vieillissement cognitif, le fait de rester en activité, ainsi que la pratique d'une activité non professionnelle ou d'activités physiques, vigoureuses ou modérées, sont positivement associés à la constitution des « réserves cognitives » individuelles. La mise à disposition des données des vagues successives de Share, prévues tous les deux ans auprès des mêmes individus, pourrait permettre de déterminer les liens de causalité subjacents. [eng] Retirement, Non-Professional Activities and Cognitive Ageing An Investigation Based on Share Data. An effectiveness frontiers-based approach may be used to study the relationship between, on the one hand, the cognitive functions of people aged over 50 in Europe and, on the other hand, various other factors, especially age, education and involvement in activities, professional or otherwise. The aim is to construct a •frontier” which corresponds to the optimal cognitive performance which each individual should be able to attain given their age and level of education. To this end, we use individual data collected during the fi rst wave of the international interdisciplinary Share 2004 survey, which contains the results of cognitive tests carried out on more than 22,000 older people and information on their state of mental and physical health, socio-economic status, family entourage, their professional and non-professional activities, social isolation, and their individual cognitive performances, measured using tests. In addition to the fundamental role played by education in the fi ght against cognitive ageing, remaining in economic activity, along with involvement in a non-professional activity or physical activities "vigorous and moderate "are positively linked to the buildup of individuals’” cognitive reserves”. The availability of data from successive series of Share surveys, which are carried out every other year using the same fi eld, may make it possible to determine the underlying causal relationships. [spa] Jubilación, actividades no profesionales y envejecimiento cognitivo Una exploración a partir de los datos de Share. Un enfoque en términos de fronteras de efi cacia puede utilizarse para estudiar las relaciones entre las funciones cognitivas de las personas mayores de más de 50 años en Europa por un lado y, por otro, los diferentes factores, más específi camente: la edad, la educación y el ejercicio de actividades, profesionales o no. El objetivo es establecer una "frontera” que se corresponda con el funcionamiento cognitivo óptimo que se supone alcanza cada individuo según su edad y su nivel de educación. Para ello, utilizamos los datos individuales recogidos durante la primera ola de la encuesta internacional e interdisciplinar Share de 2004, que contiene el resultado de tests cognitivos realizados ante más de 22.000 individuos mayores, así como información sobre su estado de salud mental y física, su situación socioeconómica, su entorno familial, el ejercicio de actividades profesionales o no, el aislamiento social y los resultados cognitivos individuales medidos con tests. Además del papel fundamental desempeñado por la educación frente al envejecimiento cognitivo, el hecho de permanecer activo, así como la práctica de una actividad no profesional o de actividades físicas, vigorosas o moderadas, se asocia positivamente a la constitución de "reservas cognitivas” individuales. Los datos facilitados por las olas sucesivas de Share, previstas cada dos años ante los mismos individuos, podrían permitir determinar los vínculos de causalidad subyacentes. [ger] Ruhestand, nicht berufl iche Tätigkeiten und kognitive Alterung Eine Studie anhand der Share-Daten. Die Beziehungen zwischen einerseits den kognitiven Funktionen der Personen über 50 Jahre in Europa und andererseits verschiedenen Faktoren, insbesondere dem Alter, der Bildung und der Ausübung einer berufl ichen oder nicht berufl ichen Tätigkeit können mit einem Ansatz der Wirksamkeitsgrenze untersucht werden. Ziel ist es, eine "Grenze“ zu ziehen, die dem optimalen kognitiven Funktionieren entspricht, das jedes Individuum im Hinblick auf sein Alter und seinen Bildungsgrad erreichen sollte. Zu diesem Zweck verwenden wir Einzeldaten, die im ersten Teil der internationalen und interdisziplinären Erhebung Share von 2004 erfasst wurden. Diese umfasst das Ergebnis kognitiver Tests, die bei über 22 000 älteren Menschen durchgeführt wurden, sowie Informationen über den Zustand deren geistiger und körperlicher Gesundheit, ihre sozio-ökonomische Situation, ihr familiäres Umfeld, die Ausübung einer berufl ichen oder nicht berufl ichen Tätigkeit, die soziale Isolation und die einzelnen kognitiven Leistungen, die mit diesen Tests gemessen wurden. Neben der grundlegenden Rolle der Bildung im Bezug auf die kognitive Alterung wirken sich eine Erwerbstätigkeit sowie die Ausübung einer nicht berufl ichen oder einer intensiven oder moderaten sportlichen Tätigkeit auf die Bildung individueller •kognitiver Reserven“ positiv aus. Die Bereitstellung der Daten der sukzessiven Erhebungswellen von Share, die alle zwei Jahre bei den gleichen Personen durchgeführt werden, könnten die zugrunde liegenden kausalen Zusammenhänge ermitteln helfen.

Suggested Citation

  • Éric Bonsang & Stéphane Adam & Sophie Germain & Sergio Perelman, 2007. "Retraite, activités non professionnelles et vieillissement cognitif. Une exploration à partir des données de Share," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 403(1), pages 83-96.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2007_num_403_1_7089
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2007.7089
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2007.7089
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    4. Stéphane Adam & Christelle Bay & Eric Bonsang & Sophie Germain & Sergio Perelman, 2006. "Occupational Activities and Cognitive Reserve: a Frontier Approach Applied to the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe," CREPP Working Papers 0605, Centre de Recherche en Economie Publique et de la Population (CREPP) (Research Center on Public and Population Economics) HEC-Management School, University of Liège.
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    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/6144 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Sandrine Levasseur, 2008. "Progrès technologique et employabilité des seniors," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(3), pages 155-184.
    3. CREMER, Helmuth & PESTIEAU, Pierre & PONTHIERE, Grégory, 2012. "The economics of long-term care: a survey," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2012030, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    4. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/9825 is not listed on IDEAS

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