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Les horaires de travail dans le couple

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  • Jean-David Fermanian
  • Sylvie Lagarde

Abstract

[fre] Les horaires de travail dans le couple. Les horaires de travail dépendent fortement des caractéristiques individuelles, notamment du sexe et de la catégorie socioprofessionnelle, mais également des: caractéristiques familiales et de celles du conjoint. Ainsi, pour des couples de salariés à temps complet et à catégorie socioprofessionnelle identique, les femmes travaillent moins longtemps que leur conjoint et leur rythme de travail est plus régulier. Les horaires de départ ou de retour quotidiens de chacun dépendent de leurs positions sociales relatives. La présence de jeunes enfants s'accompagne d'une : réduction de la durée hebdomadaire de travail de la mère, essentiellement par le recours au temps partiel, compensée bien souvent par un allongement de celle du père. Avoir de jeunes enfants amène les parents à des arrangements en termes d'horaires, notamment pour assurer une présence plus longue au domicile. Une approche économétrique originale permet de dépasser ces simples constats : elle se distingue par une modélisation des comportements individuels de chaque conjoint rigoureusement symétrique entre l'homme et la femme et par l'adjonction de la catégorie socioprofessionnelle en tant que variable explicative de la durée du travail. Chez les salariés, un effet d'entraînement joue entre les durées de travail des deux conjoints : plus l'un travaille longtemps, plus l'autre fait de même et inversement. Cet effet est sensiblement plus fort pour la femme que pour l'homme, la présence de jeunes enfants, l'éliminant, sans toutefois aller jusqu'à une compensation des horaires de l'un par ceux de l'autre. La prise en compte des femmes inactives, en . corrigeant le biais de sélection inhérent au phénomène étudié, accuse l'effet de la présence de jeunes enfants. [ger] Die Arbeitszeiten der Ehepaare. Die Arbeitszeiten hângen in hohem MaBe von den individuellen Merkmalen, insbesondere von derm Geschlecht und der sozio-professionellen Kategorie, aber auch von den familiâren Merkmalen und den Merkmalen . des Ehepartners ab. Bei Ehepaaren, die einer. Vollzeitbeschaftigung, nachgehen und ein und derselben sozio-professionellen Kategorie angehôren, arbeiten die Frauen nicht so lange ; wie ihre Ehepartner und ist ihr Arbeitsrhythmus: regelmâBiger. Die Uhrzeiten, zu denen jeder tàglich zur Arbeit geht und nach Hause kommt, hângen jeweils von der sozialen Stellung ab. Bei Vorhandensein von Kleinkindern nimmt die wôchentliche Arbeitszeit der Mutter ab, im wesentlichen ; durch den Ruckgriff auf eine Teilzeitarbeit, was oftmals durch eine lângere Arbeitszeit des Vaters ausgeglichen wird. Kleinkinderveranlassen die Eltern dazu, Vereinbarungen hinsichtlich der Arbeitszeit zu treffen, insbesondere um zu Hause langer anwesend zu sein. Ein origineller ôkonometrischer Ansatz ermôglicht es, ûber dièse einfachen Feststellungen hinauszugehen. Er zeichnet sich durch eine Modellierung der individuellen, Verhaltensweisen eines jeden Ehepartners, die zwischen Mann und Frau vôllig symmetrisch ist, sowie durch die Hinzufiigung der sozio-professionellen Kategorie als erklârende Variable der Arbeitszeit aus. Bei den' Arbeitnehmern kommt zwischen den Arbeitszeiten beider ; Ehepartner ein Ankurbelungseffekt zum Tragen: je langer der eine arbeitet, desto langer arbeitet auch der andere. Dieser Effekt ist bei den Frauen starker als bei den Mânnern. Bei Vorhandensein von Kleinkindern findet eim solches «Ûberbieten bei der Arbeit» nicht mehr statt, ohne; daB allerdings die Arbeitszeiten des einen durch diejenigen des anderen ausgeglichen werden. Die- Berucksichtigung der erwerbslosen Frauen unter Berichtigung der dem untersuchten Phanomen inhârenten Selektionsverzerrung, bestàtigt den Effekt des Vorhandenseins von Kleinkindern. [spa] Los horarios de trabajo en la pareja. Los horarios de trabajo dependen mucho de las caracteristicas individuals, ante todo del tipo y de la categorîa socioprofesional, y también de las caracten'scticas familiares y de las del cônyuge. Asf, para parejas de asalariados a tiempo completo y a . categoria socioprofesional idéntica, las mujeres trabajan menos tiempo que su cônyuge y su ritmo de trabajo es mâs regular. Los horarios de idas y de vueltas cotidianas de cada uno dependen de sus posiciones sociales: relativas. La presencia de hijos jôvenes va junta con una reducciôn de la duraciôn semanal del trabajo de la madré, debida- ante todo al recurso al tiempo parcial, compensada muy a menudo por un aumento de la del padre. Tener hijos jôvenes implica que los padres modifiquen sus horarios,- ante todo para garantizar una mayor presencia en casa.. Un enfoque econométrico original permite ir mâs alla de estos meros hechos : se serïala por una modelizaciôn de los comportamientos individuales de cada cônyuge rigurosamente simétrica entre el hombre y la mujer y por, la adjunciôn de la categoria socioprofesional como variable explicativa de la duraciôn laboral: Entre los. asalariados existe una emulaciôn en cuanto a duraciôn . laboral de los dos cônyuges : cuanto mâs tiempo trabaja . uno, mâs trabaja el otro. Este fenômeno es mâs fuerte para la mujer que para el hombre. La presencia de hijos jôvenes élimina esta « emulaciôn laboral », sin llegar sin ; embargo a que los horarios de uno compensen los del otro. La toma en cuenta de las mujeres inactivas, tras corregir el sesgo de selecciôn inhérente al fenômeno; estudiado, acentûa el efecto de la presencia de hijos jôvenes. [eng] A Couple's Working Hours. Working hours depend a great deal on individual characteristics, especially sex and socioeconomic category, but also the characteristics of the family and spouse. Among full-time wage-earning couples in identical socioeconomic categories, the women work fewer hours than their spouses and their working patterns are more regular. Daily departure and return times depend on relative social positions. When young children are present, the mother reduces her working week mainly by working part time. This is often offset by the father's working longer hours. Having young children prompts parents to organise their time differently, mainly to gain more time at home. A new econometric approach takes these simple observations a step further. It models the individual behaviour of the male and female spouse as being perfectly symmetrical and adds in the socioeconomic category as an working hours explanatory variable. Among wage earners, a ratchet effect operates between the two spouses' working hours: the longer one works, the more the other does. This effect is considerably greater among women than men. Having young children eliminates this «upward working spiral», but does not go so far as to offset the hours of one by those of the other. Including women out of the labour force by means of correcting the selection bias inherent in the phenomenon studied shows the effect of the presence of young children.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-David Fermanian & Sylvie Lagarde, 1999. "Les horaires de travail dans le couple," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 321(1), pages 89-110.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1999_num_321_1_6190
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1999.6190
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1999.6190
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. repec:adr:anecst:y:1988:i:11:p:03 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Cited by:

    1. Elena G. F. Stancanelli, 2006. "Les couples sur le marché de l'emploi. Une analyse exploratoire des années récentes," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 99(4), pages 235-272.
    2. Mark L. Bryan & Almudena Sevilla, 2017. "Flexible working in the UK and its impact on couples’ time coordination," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 1415-1437, December.
    3. C. Barnet-Verzat & A. Pailhé & A. Solaz, 2011. "Spending time together: the impact of children on couples’ leisure synchronization," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 9(4), pages 465-486, December.
    4. Elena Stancanelli, 2006. "Les couples sur le marché de l'emploi," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) hal-03389366, HAL.
    5. Olivier Bontout, 2000. "L'Earned Income Tax Credit, un crédit d'impôt ciblé sur les foyers de salariés modestes aux États-Unis," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 335(1), pages 27-46.
    6. Muriel Letrait, 2002. "L'utilisation par les chômeurs du temps libéré par l'absence d'emploi," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 352(1), pages 101-125.
    7. Laurent Lesnard & Thibaut de Saint Pol, 2008. "Organisation du travail dans la semaine des individus et des couples actifs : le poids des déterminants économiques et sociaux," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 414(1), pages 53-74.
    8. Dominique Rouault, 2001. "Les revenus des indépendants et dirigeants : la valorisation du bagage personnel," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 348(1), pages 35-59.
    9. Elena Stancanelli, 2006. "Les couples sur le marché de l'emploi," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03389366, HAL.
    10. Elena Stancanelli, 2007. "Marriage and Work: an analysis for French couples in the last decade," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2007-10, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
    11. DUGUET Emmanuel & SIMONNET Veronique, 2004. "The participation of couples in the labor market: an econometric analysis," Labor and Demography 0411005, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Karine Briard, 2020. "L’élasticité de l’offre de travail des femmes en France. Petite revue de méthodes et de résultats," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(5), pages 39-72.
    13. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/9719 is not listed on IDEAS

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