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Pourquoi les politiques d'ajustement ont-elles généralement mieux réussi en Asie du Sud-Est qu'en Afrique ?

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  • Jérôme Trotignon

Abstract

[spa] i,Por que las politicas de ajuste tuvieron mâs éxito en el Asia oriental que en Africa? . Los resultados de los programas de ajuste Ilevados a cabo en la década de los 80 son, en conjunto, mucho mâs favorables a los pafses del Asia oriental que a los pafses del Africa subsahariana. Las estructuras productivas y los nivelés de desarrollo existentes antes de la aplicaciôn de dichos programas pueden brindar dos factores explicativos considerables de las diferencias de éxito observadas entre estas dos regiones. . Ala inversa de los pafses africanos que dependen de una pequeha cantidad de productos primarios, los paîses del Sureste asiàtico disponen de un sector exportador diversificado y cada vez mâs orientado hacia los productos manufacturados, lo que favorece la recuperaciôn duradera de la balanza de pagos. Asimismo la flexibilidad mayor de sus economfas (redes de infraestructuras econômicas y sociales, desarrollo de los mercados, integraciôn de los sectores agrfcola e industrial) hizo mâs eficaces que en Africa las medidas de estabilizaciôn macroeconômica y las diversas incitaciones al relanzamiento de la producciôn por los precios. [fre] Pourquoi les politiques d'ajustement ont-elles généralement mieux réussi en Asie du Sud-Est qu'en Afrique ? . Les résultats des programmes d'ajustement menés dans les années quatre-vingt sont, dans l'ensemble, beaucoup plus favorables aux pays d'Asie du Sud-Est qu'aux pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Les structures productives et les niveaux de développement existant avant la mise en place de ces programmes semblent constituer deux facteurs explicatifs importants des différences de réussite constatées entre ces deux régions. . A l'inverse des pays africains dépendant d'un petit nombre de produits primaires, les pays du Sud-Est asiatique disposent d'un secteur exportateur à la fois diversifié et de plus en plus orienté vers les produits manufacturés, ce qui facilite un rétablissement durable de l'équilibre de leur balance des paiements. De même, la flexibilité plus grande de leurs économies (réseaux d'infrastructures économiques et sociales, développement des marchés, intégration des secteurs agricole et industriel) a rendu plus efficaces qu'en Afrique les mesures de stabilisation macro-économique et les diverses incitations à la relance de la production par les prix. [eng] Why are Adjustment Policies Generally more Successful in South-East Asia than in Africa? . The results of adjustment programmes implemented in the 1980s are on the whole a lot more positive in the South-East Asian countries than in the Sub-Saharan African countries. The productive structures and the development levels in existence before these programmes were set up would appear to be two important explanatory factors for the differences in success between these two regions. . Contrary to the African countries' dependence on a small number of primary products, the South-East Asian countries have a diverse export sector that shows an increasing tendency towards manufactured products. This makes it easier for them to re-establish a lasting equilibrium in their balance of payments. In the same way, the greater flexibility of their economies (economic and social infrastructure networks, market development, and the integration of agricultural and industrial sectors) has made the macroeconomic stabilization measures and the various price incentives to stimulate production more effective than in Africa. [ger] Warum waren die Anpassungspolitiken in Sùdostasien insgesamt erfolgreicher als in Afrika? . Die in den achtziger Jahren durchgefùhrten Anpassungs- programme haben in den sùdostasiatischen Lândern insgesamt positivere Ergebnisse als in den afrikanischen Lândern sùdlich der Sahara gezeitigt. Die vor der Um- setzung dieser Programme bestehenden Produktions- strukturen und Entwicklungsniveaus stellen, wie es scheint, zwei wichtige Faktoren fur die Erklàrung des unterschiedlichen Erfolges in diesen beiden Regionen dar. . Im Gegensatz zu den afrikanischen Lândern, die von einer kleinen Anzahl primârer Erzeugnisse abhângig sind, verfùgen die sùdostasiatischen Lânder ùber einen Export- sektor, der nicht nur diversifiziert ist, sondern auch immer mehr auf Industrieprodukte ausgerichtet ist, was eine dauerhafte Wiederherstellung des Gleichgewichts der Zahlungsbilanz erleichtert. Die gesamtwirtschaftlichen StabilisierungsmaBnahmen und die verschiedenen An- reize zur Wiederbelebung der Produktion durch die Preise waren auBerdem aufgrund der grôBeren Flexibilitàt der sùdostasiatischen Wirtschaften (Netze wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Infrastrukturen, Entwicklung der Màrkte, Integration des Landwirtschafts - und Industriesektors) wesentlich effizienter als in Afrika.

Suggested Citation

  • Jérôme Trotignon, 1993. "Pourquoi les politiques d'ajustement ont-elles généralement mieux réussi en Asie du Sud-Est qu'en Afrique ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 264(1), pages 33-51.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1993_num_264_1_5738
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1993.5738
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1993.5738
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    1. Pohl, Gerhard & Mihaljek, Dubravko, 1992. "Project Evaluation and Uncertainty in Practice: A Statistical Analysis of Rate-of-Return Divergences of 1,015 World Bank Projects," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 6(2), pages 255-277, May.
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