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Work-related injuries among Syrian refugee child workers in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon: A gender-sensitive analysis

Author

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  • Rima R Habib
  • Diana Mikati
  • Josleen Al-Barathie
  • Elio Abi Younes
  • Mohammed Jawad
  • Khalil El Asmar
  • Micheline Ziadee

Abstract

Background: Syrian refugees in Lebanon have endured increasing hardships since the onset of the Syrian war in 2011, with many resorting to child labor. Working refugee children endure socioeconomic deprivation and harsh working conditions. This study explores the relationship between working conditions and the reporting of injuries among male and female Syrian refugee children in Lebanon and the related gender differences. Methods and findings: A cross-sectional survey of Syrian refugee children working in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon was conducted in 2017. Face-to-face interviews with children (8 to 18 years) collected sociodemographic information and testimonies of their work experiences. Logistic regression tested the association between reporting of injuries and risk factors including school enrolment, field of work, means of transportation to work, age started working, number of working hours, multiple jobs, work pressure and hazards, and abuse. Analyses were stratified by gender. Conclusions: This study is the first to obtain direct testimony on work-related injuries and working conditions, exploring gender differences, among Syrian refugee children in Lebanon. Results demonstrated the association between the occurrence of injury and multiple risk factors highlighting their strenuous working conditions, with some differences detected between males and females. Many injuries can be prevented through direct safety interventions and proper implementation of child labor policies. Multidimensional interventions are essential to address the complex evolving challenges facing refugees.

Suggested Citation

  • Rima R Habib & Diana Mikati & Josleen Al-Barathie & Elio Abi Younes & Mohammed Jawad & Khalil El Asmar & Micheline Ziadee, 2021. "Work-related injuries among Syrian refugee child workers in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon: A gender-sensitive analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(9), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0257330
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257330
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kearney, G.D. & Rodriguez, G. & Quandt, S.A. & Arcury, J.T. & Arcury, T.A., 2015. "Work safety climate, safety behaviors, and occupational injuries of youth farmworkers in North Carolina," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105(7), pages 1336-1343.
    2. Brice Lionel Batomen Kuimi & Oduro Oppong-Nkrumah & Jay Kaufman & Jose Ignacio Nazif-Munoz & Arijit Nandi, 2018. "Child labour and health: a systematic review," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(5), pages 663-672, June.
    3. Alberto Posso, 2019. "The health consequences of hazardous and nonhazardous child labor," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(2), pages 619-639, May.
    4. Eman Mohammed & Ashraf Ewis & Eman Mahfouz, 2014. "Child labor in a rural Egyptian community: an epidemiological study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 59(4), pages 637-644, August.
    5. Salma Ahmad & Ranjan Ray, 2014. "Health consequences of child labour in Bangladesh," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 30(4), pages 111-150.
    6. Rima R Habib & Amena El-Harakeh & Micheline Ziadee & Elio Abi Younes & Khalil El Asmar, 2020. "Social capital, social cohesion, and health of Syrian refugee working children living in informal tented settlements in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(9), pages 1-19, September.
    7. Ferreira, Nuno, 2017. "Working children in Europe: a socio-legal approach to the regulation of child work," SocArXiv ude5j, Center for Open Science.
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    Cited by:

    1. Osman Doğan Bulut & Süleyman Karaman & Zeynep Çelik Kaysim & Ayşe Karadağ Gürsoy, 2023. "Factors Affecting Landowners’ Willingness to Sustain Hiring Foreign Farmworkers: The Case of Banana Producers in Mersin Province, Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Cécile Fanton d’Andon & Claire Greene & Catherine Pellenq & Tesfahun Melese Yilma & Muriel Champy & Mark Canavera & Chiara Pasquini, 2022. "Child Labor and Psychosocial Wellbeing: Findings from Ethiopia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-20, June.

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