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Influence of slope steepness, foot position and turn phase on plantar pressure distribution during giant slalom alpine ski racing

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  • Thomas Falda-Buscaiot
  • Frédérique Hintzy
  • Patrice Rougier
  • Patrick Lacouture
  • Nicolas Coulmy

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the evolution of ground reaction force during alpine skiing turns. Specifically, this study investigated how turn phases and slope steepness affected the whole foot normal GRF pattern while performing giant slalom turns in a race-like setting. Moreover, the outside foot was divided into different plantar regions to see whether those parameters affected the plantar pressure distribution. Eleven skiers performed one giant slalom course at race intensity. Runs were recorded synchronously using a video camera in the frontal plane and pressure insoles under both feet’s plantar surface. Turns were divided according to kinematic criteria into four consecutive phases: initiation, steering1, steering2 and completion; both steering phases being separated by the gate passage. Component of the averaged Ground Reaction Force normal to the ski’s surface(nGRF¯, /BW), and Pressure Time Integral relative to the entire foot surface (relPTI, %) parameters were calculated for each turn phases based on plantar pressure data. Results indicated that nGRF¯ under the total foot surface differed significantly depending on the slope (higher in steep sections vs. flat sections), and the turn phase (higher during steering2 vs. three other phases), although such modifications were observable only on the outside foot. Moreover, nGRF¯ under the outside foot was significantly greater than under the inside foot.RelPTI under different foot regions of the outside foot revealed a global shift from forefoot loading during initiation phase, toward heel loading during steering2 phase, but this was dependent on the slope studied. These results suggest a differentiated role played by each foot in alpine skiing turns: the outside foot has an active role in the turning process, while the inside foot may only play a role in stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Falda-Buscaiot & Frédérique Hintzy & Patrice Rougier & Patrick Lacouture & Nicolas Coulmy, 2017. "Influence of slope steepness, foot position and turn phase on plantar pressure distribution during giant slalom alpine ski racing," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0176975
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176975
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Matthias Gilgien & Philip Crivelli & Jörg Spörri & Josef Kröll & Erich Müller, 2015. "Characterization of Course and Terrain and Their Effect on Skier Speed in World Cup Alpine Ski Racing," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-25, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ivan Bon & Mateja Očić & Vjekoslav Cigrovski & Tomislav Rupčić & Damir Knjaz, 2021. "What Are Kinematic and Kinetic Differences between Short and Parallel Turn in Alpine Skiing?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Vjekoslav Cigrovski & Mateja Očić & Ivan Bon & Branka Matković & Peter Šagát, 2022. "Inline Skating as an Additional Activity for Alpine Skiing: The Role of the Outside Leg in Short Turn Performance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-13, February.

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