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Measuring HIV Stigma at the Family Level: Psychometric Assessment of the Chinese Courtesy Stigma Scales (CCSSs)

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  • Hongjie Liu
  • Yongfang Xu
  • Yehuan Sun
  • Levent Dumenci

Abstract

Courtesy stigma is the stigmatization a person perceives or experiences due to their association with a stigmatized individual or group. Most HIV-related stigma scales have been developed for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs), but not for their HIV-uninfected family members. To date, few measurement scales have been designed to measure the degree of stigma among both PLWHAs and their HIV-uninfected family members at the family level. We developed a set of courtesy stigma scales and estimated their reliability and validity from 256 PLWHAs and 256 of their HIV-uninfected family members. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed in two independent samples: a development sample (N = 216) and a validation sample (N = 296), respectively. Two factors (“public stigma” and “self-perceived stigma”) had high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient between 0.83–0.90) and good construct validity (standardized factor loading range: 0.37–0.95) in both samples. These findings document that the newly developed brief instrument is a psychometrically sound measure of HIV-related stigma among both PLWHAs and their HIV-uninfected family members.

Suggested Citation

  • Hongjie Liu & Yongfang Xu & Yehuan Sun & Levent Dumenci, 2014. "Measuring HIV Stigma at the Family Level: Psychometric Assessment of the Chinese Courtesy Stigma Scales (CCSSs)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-7, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0092855
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092855
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Duan, Wenjie & Bu, He & Chen, Zheng, 2020. "COVID-19-related stigma profiles and risk factors among people who are at high risk of contagion," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    2. Li, Yumei & Duan, Wenjie & Chen, Zheng, 2020. "Latent profiles of the comorbidity of the symptoms for posttraumatic stress disorder and generalized anxiety disorder among children and adolescents who are susceptible to COVID-19," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    3. Pınar Öktem, 2015. "The Role of the Family in Attributing Meaning to Living With HIV and Its Stigma in Turkey," SAGE Open, , vol. 5(4), pages 21582440156, November.

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