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Economic Recession and Emergence of an HIV-1 Outbreak among Drug Injectors in Athens Metropolitan Area: A Longitudinal Study

Author

Listed:
  • Dimitrios Paraskevis
  • Georgios Nikolopoulos
  • Anastasios Fotiou
  • Chrissa Tsiara
  • Dimitra Paraskeva
  • Vana Sypsa
  • Marios Lazanas
  • Panagiotis Gargalianos
  • Mina Psichogiou
  • Athanasios Skoutelis
  • Lucas Wiessing
  • Samuel R Friedman
  • Don C d e s Jarlais
  • Manina Terzidou
  • Jenny Kremastinou
  • Meni Malliori
  • Angelos Hatzakis

Abstract

Background: During 2011, a dramatic increase (1600%) of reported HIV-1 infections among injecting drug users (IDUs) was noted in Athens, Greece. We herein assess the potential causal pathways associated with this outbreak. Methods: Our study employed high resolution HIV-1 phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. We examined also longitudinal data of ecological variables such as the annual growth of gross domestic product (GDP) of Greece in association with HIV-1 and HCV sentinel prevalence in IDUs, unemployment and homelessness rates and HIV transmission networks in Athens IDUs before and during economic recession (2008–2012). Results: IDU isolates sampled in 2011 and 2012 suggested transmission networks in 94.6% and 92.7% of the cases in striking contrast with the sporadic networking (5%) during 1998–2009. The geographic origin of most HIV-1 isolates was consistent with the recently documented migratory waves in Greece. The decline in GDP was inversely correlated with annual prevalence rates of HIV and HCV and with unemployment and homelessness rates in IDUs (all p

Suggested Citation

  • Dimitrios Paraskevis & Georgios Nikolopoulos & Anastasios Fotiou & Chrissa Tsiara & Dimitra Paraskeva & Vana Sypsa & Marios Lazanas & Panagiotis Gargalianos & Mina Psichogiou & Athanasios Skoutelis & , 2013. "Economic Recession and Emergence of an HIV-1 Outbreak among Drug Injectors in Athens Metropolitan Area: A Longitudinal Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(11), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0078941
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078941
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Rajneesh Kumar Joshi & Sanjay M Mehendale, 2019. "Determinants of consistently high HIV prevalence in Indian Districts: A multi-level analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-14, May.
    2. George Giallouros & Katerina Pantavou & Despina Pampaka & Eirini Pavlitina & Daniele Piovani & Stefanos Bonovas & Georgios K. Nikolopoulos, 2021. "Drug Injection-Related and Sexual Behavior Changes in Drug Injecting Networks after the Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP): A Social Network-Based Study in Athens, Greece," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, March.
    3. Matteo M. Galizzi & Marisa Miraldo & Charitini Stavropoulou, 2016. "In Sickness but Not in Wealth," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 36(4), pages 503-517, May.
    4. Miraldo, M & Galizzi, M & Stavropoulou, C, 2013. "In sickness but not in wealth: Field evidence on patients’ risk preferences in the financial and health domain," Working Papers 31053, Imperial College, London, Imperial College Business School.
    5. repec:imp:wpaper:12579 is not listed on IDEAS

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