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Evaluating efficiency of international container shipping lines: A bootstrap DEA approach

Author

Listed:
  • Ester Gutiérrez

    (Department of Industrial Management, E.T.S.I., University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos, Sevilla, s/n, 41092, Spain. E-mails: egm@etsi.us.es; slozano@us.es)

  • Sebastián Lozano

    (Department of Industrial Management, E.T.S.I., University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos, Sevilla, s/n, 41092, Spain. E-mails: egm@etsi.us.es; slozano@us.es)

  • Salvador Furió

    (Fundación Valenciaport, Avda del Muelle del Turia, Valencia, s/n, 46024, Spain.)

Abstract

In this article, a non-parametric analysis of the efficiency of major international container shipping lines (CSLs) is conducted in order to evaluate the effects of the recent profound global economic crisis on such a crucial sector in seaborne trade. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied to highlight the efficiency status of top CSLs using a bias-corrected efficiency estimator. In the first stage, hypotheses regarding the underlying production frontier of major international CSLs are tested. In the second stage, an output-oriented, non-increasing returns to scale DEA model is used to compute efficiency scores estimates of the different CSLs. The model considers labour, number of ships and fleet capacity as inputs, and container throughput handled and turnover as outputs. Confidence interval estimates of efficiency and returns to scale for each CSL are reported. The results of the analysis indicate that none of the CSLs assessed operates under constant returns to scale and that average efficiency is 0.74, finding considerable waste in the production of CSLs for the year 2009. In addition, the major international CSLs in 2009 have oversized operations that exceed the most productive scale size. The evidence suggests that strategic alliance membership is not a guarantee for efficient practices in operations. There must be other reasons, purportedly of a strategic nature, for CSLs to join such alliances.

Suggested Citation

  • Ester Gutiérrez & Sebastián Lozano & Salvador Furió, 2014. "Evaluating efficiency of international container shipping lines: A bootstrap DEA approach," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 16(1), pages 55-71, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:marecl:v:16:y:2014:i:1:p:55-71
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sarmento, Joaquim Miranda & Renneboog, Luc & Verga-Matos, Pedro, 2017. "Measuring highway efficiency : A DEA approach and the Malquist index," Other publications TiSEM 23264815-321e-45a3-83ee-9, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    2. Shih-Liang Chao & Chun-Wei Lai, 2019. "Comparing the efficiency of alliance members and independent liner carriers: a metafrontier analysis," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 21(2), pages 157-172, June.
    3. Dan He & Peng Gao & Zhijing Sun & Yui-yip Lau, 2017. "Measuring Water Transport Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Zone, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Toloo, Mehdi & Keshavarz, Esmaeil & Hatami-Marbini, Adel, 2018. "Dual-role factors for imprecise data envelopment analysis," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 15-31.
    5. Lozano, S. & Hinojosa, M.A. & Mármol, A.M., 2019. "Extending the bargaining approach to DEA target setting," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 94-102.
    6. H. Pierre Hsieh & Kuo‐Cheng Kuo & Minh‐Hieu Le & Wen‐Min Lu, 2021. "Exploring the cargo and eco‐efficiencies of international container shipping companies: A network‐based ranking approach," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(1), pages 45-60, January.
    7. Joohwan Kim & Hwayoung Kim, 2021. "Evaluation of the Efficiency of Maritime Transport Using a Network Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) Approach: A Case Study on the Korean Coastal Ferry Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, May.
    8. Gong, Xiaoxing & Wu, Xiaofan & Luo, Meifeng, 2019. "Company performance and environmental efficiency: A case study for shipping enterprises," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 96-106.
    9. Marcelo Müller Beuren & Rafael Andriotti & Guilherme Bergmann Borges Vieira & José Luis Duarte Ribeiro & Francisco José Kliemann Neto, 2018. "On measuring the efficiency of Brazilian ports and their management models," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 20(1), pages 149-168, March.
    10. Atilano Pena-López & Paolo Rungo & Beatriz López-Bermúdez, 2021. "The "Efficiency" Effect of Conceptual Referents on the Generation of Happiness: A Cross-National Analysis," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 2457-2483, August.

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