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Pioneers, Imitators, and Generics — a Simulation Model of Schumpeterian Competition

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  • Henry G. Grabowski
  • John M. Vernon

Abstract

A computer simulation model in the tradition of evolutionary models of technical change is developed in this paper. It focuses on R&D competition in new product introductions and is based on data for the U. S. pharmaceutical industry during the 1970s. The sensitivity of innovation levels to the rate of generic competition, regulatory review time, and patent life is examined in the computer simulation experiments. These factors are found to have significant long-run effects on industry structure and innovation levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Henry G. Grabowski & John M. Vernon, 1987. "Pioneers, Imitators, and Generics — a Simulation Model of Schumpeterian Competition," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 102(3), pages 491-525.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:qjecon:v:102:y:1987:i:3:p:491-525.
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    Cited by:

    1. Llerena, Patrick & Oltra, Vanessa, 2002. "Diversity of innovative strategy as a source of technological performance," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 179-201, June.
    2. Bottazzi, Giulio & Dosi, Giovanni & Lippi, Marco & Pammolli, Fabio & Riccaboni, Massimo, 2001. "Innovation and corporate growth in the evolution of the drug industry," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 19(7), pages 1161-1187, July.
    3. Milo Bianchi & Magnus Henrekson, 2005. "Is Neoclassical Economics still Entrepreneurless?," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(3), pages 353-377, July.
    4. Giaccotto, Carmelo & Golec, Joseph & Vernon, John, 2011. "New estimates of the cost of capital for pharmaceutical firms," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 526-540, June.
    5. Laussel, Didier & Le Breton, Michel, 1995. "A general equilibrium theory of firm formation based on individual unobservable skills," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 1303-1319, August.
    6. Mariana Mazzucato & Stuart Parris, 2015. "High-growth firms in changing competitive environments: the US pharmaceutical industry (1963 to 2002)," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 145-170, January.
    7. Johanna Vásquez Velásquez & José Vicente Cadavid Herrera & Andrés Ramírez Hassan & Karoll Gómez Portilla, 2013. "Elasticidad de la demanda por medicamentos en el mercado farmacéutico privado en Colombia," Revista Ecos de Economía, Universidad EAFIT, June.
    8. Dong-Sung Cho & Dong-Jae Kim & Dong Kee Rhee, 1998. "Latecomer Strategies: Evidence from the Semiconductor Industry in Japan and Korea," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 9(4), pages 489-505, August.
    9. Silvio M. Brondoni, 2012. "Innovation and Imitation: Corporate Strategies for Global Competition," Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, University of Milano-Bicocca, issue 1 Innovat, pages 10-24.
    10. James W. Hughes & Michael J. Moore & Edward A. Snyder, 2002. ""Napsterizing" Pharmaceuticals: Access, Innovation, and Consumer Welfare," NBER Working Papers 9229, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Joseph Golec & John Vernon, 2009. "Financial risk of the Biotech Industry versus the Pharmaceutical Industry," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 155-165, September.

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