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Goal Control of Attention to Advertising: The Yarbus Implication

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  • Rik Pieters
  • Michel Wedel

Abstract

An eye-tracking experiment with four processing goals and a free-viewing condition reveals goal control of attention even during a few seconds of self-paced ad exposure. An ad-memorization goal enhanced attention to the body text, pictorial, and brand design objects. A brand-learning goal enhanced attention to the body text but simultaneously inhibited attention to the pictorial design. This supports the thesis that ad informativeness is goal contingent. Differences in pupillary diameter between ad objects but not between processing goals reflect the pupil's role in maintaining optimal vision. Implications of the findings for advertising theory and avenues for future research are indicated. (c) 2007 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc..

Suggested Citation

  • Rik Pieters & Michel Wedel, 2007. "Goal Control of Attention to Advertising: The Yarbus Implication," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 34(2), pages 224-233, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:jconrs:v:34:y:2007:i:2:p:224-233
    DOI: 10.1086/519150
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    1. Breuer, Christoph & Boronczyk, Felix & Rumpf, Christopher, 2021. "Message personalization and real-time adaptation as next innovations in sport sponsorship management? How run-of-play and team affiliation affect viewer response," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 309-316.
    2. Myers, Susan D. & Deitz, George D. & Huhmann, Bruce A. & Jha, Subhash & Tatara, Jennifer H., 2020. "An eye-tracking study of attention to brand-identifying content and recall of taboo advertising," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 176-186.
    3. Li, Yaoqi & Liu, Biqiang & Xie, Lishan, 2022. "Celebrity endorsement in international destination marketing: Evidence from eye-tracking techniques and laboratory experiments," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 553-566.
    4. Blom, Angelica & Lange, Fredrik & Hess, Ronald L., 2017. "Omnichannel-based promotions’ effects on purchase behavior and brand image," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 286-295.
    5. Espigares-Jurado, Francisco & Muñoz-Leiva, Francisco & Correia, Marisol B. & Sousa, Carlos M.R. & Ramos, Célia M.Q. & Faísca, Luís, 2020. "Visual attention to the main image of a hotel website based on its position, type of navigation and belonging to Millennial generation: An eye tracking study," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    6. Pieters, Rik & Wedel, Michel, 2020. "Heads up: Head movements during ad exposure respond to consumer goals and predict brand memory," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 281-289.
    7. Mihai Țichindelean & Monica Teodora Țichindelean & Iuliana Cetină & Gheorghe Orzan, 2021. "A Comparative Eye Tracking Study of Usability—Towards Sustainable Web Design," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-31, September.
    8. Otterbring, Tobias & Wästlund, Erik & Gustafsson, Anders, 2016. "Eye-tracking customers' visual attention in the wild: Dynamic gaze behavior moderates the effect of store familiarity on navigational fluency," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 165-170.
    9. Li, Qian & Huang, Zhuowei (Joy) & Christianson, Kiel, 2016. "Visual attention toward tourism photographs with text: An eye-tracking study," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 243-258.
    10. Zuschke, Nick, 2020. "An analysis of process-tracing research on consumer decision-making," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 305-320.
    11. Bhattacharya, Mihir & Mukherjee, Saptarshi & Sonal, Ruhi, 2021. "Frame-based stochastic choice rule," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    12. Brian C Gunia & J Keith Murnighan, 2015. "The Tell-Tale Look: Viewing Time, Preferences, and Prices," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(1), pages 1-26, January.
    13. Yang, Shuai & Carlson, Jeffrey R. & Chen, Sixing, 2020. "How augmented reality affects advertising effectiveness: The mediating effects of curiosity and attention toward the ad," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    14. Rik Pieters & Michel Wedel & Jie Zhang, 2007. "Optimal Feature Advertising Design Under Competitive Clutter," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(11), pages 1815-1828, November.
    15. Zuschke, Nick, 2020. "The impact of task complexity and task motivation on in-store marketing effectiveness: An eye tracking analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 337-350.
    16. Wedel, Michel & Bigné, Enrique & Zhang, Jie, 2020. "Virtual and augmented reality: Advancing research in consumer marketing," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 443-465.
    17. Thales S. Teixeira & Michel Wedel & Rik Pieters, 2010. "Moment-to-Moment Optimal Branding in TV Commercials: Preventing Avoidance by Pulsing," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 29(5), pages 783-804, 09-10.
    18. Behe, Bridget K. & Bae, Mikyeung & Huddleston, Patricia T. & Sage, Lynnell, 2015. "The effect of involvement on visual attention and product choice," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 10-21.
    19. Huddleston, Patricia T. & Behe, Bridget K. & Driesener, Carl & Minahan, S., 2018. "Inside-outside: Using eye-tracking to investigate search-choice processes in the retail environment," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 85-93.
    20. Ching-Chih Liao, 2023. "Using Occluded Text as a Cue Attracting Visual Attention and Preference in Packaging and Advertising," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(1), pages 21582440231, February.
    21. Xuhong Ye & Xixian Peng & Xinwei Wang & Hock-Hai Teo, 2020. "Developing and Testing a Theoretical Path Model of Web Page Impression Formation and Its Consequence," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 31(3), pages 929-949, September.
    22. Agnès Festré & Pierre Garrouste, 2012. "The ‘Economics of Attention’: A New Avenue of Research in Cognitive Economics," GREDEG Working Papers 2012-12, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France.
    23. Visentin, Marco & Tuan, Annamaria, 2021. "Book belly band as a visual cue: Assessing its impact on consumers’ in-store responses," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    24. Michel Wedel & Rik Pieters & Ralf Lans, 2023. "Modeling Eye Movements During Decision Making: A Review," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 88(2), pages 697-729, June.
    25. Vriens, M. & Vidden, C. & Schomaker, J., 2020. "What I see is what I want: Top-down attention biasing choice behavior," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 262-269.

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