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EU-Mitgliedschaft, EU-Erweiterung und die Auswirkungen auf den österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt

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Abstract

Seit dem EU-Beitritt kam es in Österreich zu einem Anstieg der Beschäftigung von Personen aus den „alten“ EU-Mitgliedstaaten, seit dem Jahr 2004 und insbesondere seit 2011 zu einer deutlich stärkeren Beschäftigungszunahme aus den „neuen“ EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Diese Arbeitskräfte leisten einen bedeutenden Beitrag zum heimischen Wirtschaftswachstum. Die Zuwanderung aus den neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten lässt sich gut durch die Größe der Herkunftsländer, ihre geografische Distanz und ihren Wohlstand relativ zu Österreich erklären. Bürgerinnen und Bürger der alten EU-Mitgliedstaaten arbeiten eher im Westen Österreichs, während jene der neuen Mitgliedstaaten vornehmlich in den östlichen Bundesländern Beschäftigung finden. Die Beschäftigten aus der EU sind überwiegend männlich, jung und gut ausgebildet. Während diejenigen aus den alten Mitgliedstaaten meist als Angestellte in akademischen und technischen Berufen tätig sind, sind die Beschäftigten aus den neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten häufig Hilfsarbeitskräfte oder arbeiten in Dienstleistungs- und Handwerksberufen. Probit-Schätzungen ergeben, dass sich das Arbeitslosigkeitsrisiko durch die Zuwanderung aus den neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten nur geringfügig erhöht hat. Bei einigen Gruppen von Beschäftigten (Arbeiter, Beschäftigte mit überwiegend manuellen Tätigkeiten sowie vor allem Dienstleistungs- und Verkaufsberufe) ist dieser Effekt aber höher.

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  • Alfred Stiglbauer, 2020. "EU-Mitgliedschaft, EU-Erweiterung und die Auswirkungen auf den österreichischen Arbeitsmarkt," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1-Q2/20, pages 75-88.
  • Handle: RePEc:onb:oenbmp:y:2020:i:q1-q2/20:b:4
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    Cited by:

    1. Christian Ragacs & Lukas Reiss, 2021. "Austria’s labor market during the COVID-19 crisis," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q2/21, pages 59-78.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Europäische Union; EU-Erweiterungen; Arbeitsmarkt;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J60 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - General
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General

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