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Entwicklung von Produktivität und Profitabilität heimischer Unternehmen während der EU-Mitgliedschaft

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Österreich weist eine – im europäischen Vergleich – überdurchschnittlich hohe Produktivität je geleisteter Arbeitsstunde auf. Im Zeitraum seit dem Beitritt zur Europäischen Union im Jahr 1995 bis zum Jahr 2017 liegt das Niveau rund 20 % über jenem der EU-28, allerdings 6 % unter dem des wichtigsten Handelspartners Deutschland. Diese Abstände haben sich im Beobachtungszeitraum von 1995 bis 2017 nicht wesentlich verändert. Das Produktivitätswachstum ist in Österreich – einem internationalen Trend folgend – von 2 % vor der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise auf unter 1 % danach zurückgegangen. Die Ergebnisse einer Shift-Share-Analyse zeigen, dass das gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktivitätswachstum durch das Wachstum innerhalb einzelner Branchen erklärt wird, während der Strukturwandel das gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktionswachstum dämpft. Branchen mit einer hohen Produktivität haben zugunsten von Branchen mit einer niedrigen Produktivität an Bedeutung verloren. Angebotsseitig wird mehr als die Hälfte des Produktivitätswachstum in Österreich von der Gesamtfaktorproduktivität getragen. Auf makroökonomischer Ebene ist ein enger Zusammenhang zwischen dem Produktivitätswachstum je geleisteter Arbeitsstunde und der Veränderung der Gewinnquote in Österreich zu beobachten. Nach einem Anstieg um 7 Prozentpunkte erreichte die Gewinnquote im Jahr 2008 mit 37 % ihren Höhepunkt im Beobachtungszeitraum und ging anschließend auf 31 % im Jahr 2017 zurück. Ein ähnlicher Zusammenhang ist für Profitabilitätsmaße auf Basis von Bilanzkennzahlen nicht zu erkennen.

Suggested Citation

  • Gerhard Fenz & Christian Ragacs & Martin Schneider & Klaus Vondra, 2020. "Entwicklung von Produktivität und Profitabilität heimischer Unternehmen während der EU-Mitgliedschaft," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1-Q2/20, pages 60-74.
  • Handle: RePEc:onb:oenbmp:y:2020:i:q1-q2/20:b:3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Martin Schneider, 2014. "Labor Productivity Developments in Austria in an International Perspective," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 3, pages 13-35.
    2. Young Eun Kim & Norman V. Loayza, 2019. "Productivity Growth: Patterns and Determinants across the World," Revista Economía, Fondo Editorial - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, vol. 42(84), pages 36-93.
    3. E. Grifell-Tatjé & C. A. K. Lovell, 1999. "Profits and Productivity," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 45(9), pages 1177-1193, September.
    4. Christian Beer & Christian Alexander Belabed & Andreas Breitenfellner & Christian Ragacs & Beat Weber, 2017. "Österreich und die europäische Integration," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 1, pages 86-126.
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    Cited by:

    1. Christian Reiner & Christian Bellak, 2023. "Hat die ökonomische Macht von Unternehmen in Österreich zugenommen? Teil 2," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 49(2), pages 17-76.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Productivity; Profit-Share; Austria; European Union;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E23 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Production
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity

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