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An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage

Author

Listed:
  • Yang Jin

    (Tsinghua University
    Zhengzhou University)

  • Kai Liu

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Jialiang Lang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Denys Zhuo

    (Stanford University)

  • Zeya Huang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Chang-an Wang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Hui Wu

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Yi Cui

    (Stanford University
    Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)

Abstract

Batteries are an attractive grid energy storage technology, but a reliable battery system with the functionalities required for a grid such as high power capability, high safety and low cost remains elusive. Here, we report a solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery constructed with a molten lithium anode, a molten Sn–Pb or Bi–Pb alloy cathode and a garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) solid electrolyte tube. We show that the assembled Li||LLZTO||Sn–Pb and Li||LLZTO||Bi–Pb cells can stably cycle at an intermediate temperature of 240 °C for about one month at current densities of 50 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 respectively, with almost no capacity decay and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.98%. Furthermore, the cells demonstrate high power capability with current densities up to 300 mA cm−2 (90 mW cm−2) for Li||LLZTO||Sn–Pb and 500 mA cm−2 (175 mW cm−2) for Li||LLZTO||Bi–Pb. Our design offers prospects for grid energy storage with intermediate temperature operations, high safety margin and low capital and maintenance costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang Jin & Kai Liu & Jialiang Lang & Denys Zhuo & Zeya Huang & Chang-an Wang & Hui Wu & Yi Cui, 2018. "An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(9), pages 732-738, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:3:y:2018:i:9:d:10.1038_s41560-018-0198-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-018-0198-9
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    Cited by:

    1. Agarwal, Daksh & Potnuru, Rakesh & Kaushik, Chiranjeev & Darla, Vinay Rajesh & Kulkarni, Kaustubh & Garg, Ashish & Gupta, Raju Kumar & Tiwari, Naveen & Nalwa, Kanwar Singh, 2022. "Recent advances in the modeling of fundamental processes in liquid metal batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    2. Rajamani, Arunkumar & Panneerselvam, Thamayanthi & Murugan, Ramaswamy & Ramaswamy, Arun Prasath, 2023. "Electrospun derived polymer-garnet composite quasi solid state electrolyte with low interface resistance for lithium metal batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    3. Karmakar, Srikanta & Pramanik, Ashim & Kumbhakar, Partha & Sarkar, Rajat & Kumbhakar, Pathik, 2021. "Development of environment friendly water-based self-rechargeable battery," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 1184-1193.

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