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Programming mechanics in knitted materials, stitch by stitch

Author

Listed:
  • Krishma Singal

    (Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Michael S. Dimitriyev

    (University of Massachusetts
    Texas A&M University)

  • Sarah E. Gonzalez

    (Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • A. Patrick Cachine

    (Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Sam Quinn

    (Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Elisabetta A. Matsumoto

    (Georgia Institute of Technology
    Hiroshima University)

Abstract

Knitting turns yarn, a 1D material, into a 2D fabric that is flexible, durable, and can be patterned to adopt a wide range of 3D geometries. Like other mechanical metamaterials, the elasticity of knitted fabrics is an emergent property of the local stitch topology and pattern that cannot solely be attributed to the yarn itself. Thus, knitting can be viewed as an additive manufacturing technique that allows for stitch-by-stitch programming of elastic properties and has applications in many fields ranging from soft robotics and wearable electronics to engineered tissue and architected materials. However, predicting these mechanical properties based on the stitch type remains elusive. Here we untangle the relationship between changes in stitch topology and emergent elasticity in several types of knitted fabrics. We combine experiment and simulation to construct a constitutive model for the nonlinear bulk response of these fabrics. This model serves as a basis for composite fabrics with bespoke mechanical properties, which crucially do not depend on the constituent yarn.

Suggested Citation

  • Krishma Singal & Michael S. Dimitriyev & Sarah E. Gonzalez & A. Patrick Cachine & Sam Quinn & Elisabetta A. Matsumoto, 2024. "Programming mechanics in knitted materials, stitch by stitch," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-46498-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46498-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jie Wang & Shengming Li & Fang Yi & Yunlong Zi & Jun Lin & Xiaofeng Wang & Youlong Xu & Zhong Lin Wang, 2016. "Sustainably powering wearable electronics solely by biomechanical energy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-8, November.
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