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A latitudinal gradient in Darwin’s naturalization conundrum at the global scale for flowering plants

Author

Listed:
  • Shu-ya Fan

    (East China Normal University)

  • Qiang Yang

    (University of Konstanz
    Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
    German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig)

  • Shao-peng Li

    (East China Normal University)

  • Trevor S. Fristoe

    (University of Konstanz
    University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras)

  • Marc W. Cadotte

    (University of Toronto Scarborough)

  • Franz Essl

    (University of Vienna)

  • Holger Kreft

    (University of Göttingen
    University of Göttingen
    Campus-Institut Data Science)

  • Jan Pergl

    (Department of Invasion Ecology)

  • Petr Pyšek

    (Department of Invasion Ecology
    Charles University)

  • Patrick Weigelt

    (University of Göttingen
    Campus-Institut Data Science)

  • John Kartesz

    (Biota of North America Program (BONAP))

  • Misako Nishino

    (Biota of North America Program (BONAP))

  • Jan J. Wieringa

    (Naturalis Biodiversity Centre)

  • Mark Kleunen

    (University of Konstanz
    Taizhou University)

Abstract

Darwin’s naturalization conundrum describes two seemingly contradictory hypotheses regarding whether alien species closely or distantly related to native species should be more likely to naturalize in regional floras. Both expectations have accumulated empirical support, and whether such apparent inconsistency can be reconciled at the global scale is unclear. Here, using 219,520 native and 9,531 naturalized alien plant species across 487 globally distributed regions, we found a latitudinal gradient in Darwin’s naturalization conundrum. Naturalized alien plant species are more closely related to native species at higher latitudes than they are at lower latitudes, indicating a greater influence of preadaptation in harsher climates. Human landscape modification resulted in even steeper latitudinal clines by selecting aliens distantly related to natives in warmer and drier regions. Our results demonstrate that joint consideration of climatic and anthropogenic conditions is critical to reconciling Darwin’s naturalization conundrum.

Suggested Citation

  • Shu-ya Fan & Qiang Yang & Shao-peng Li & Trevor S. Fristoe & Marc W. Cadotte & Franz Essl & Holger Kreft & Jan Pergl & Petr Pyšek & Patrick Weigelt & John Kartesz & Misako Nishino & Jan J. Wieringa & , 2023. "A latitudinal gradient in Darwin’s naturalization conundrum at the global scale for flowering plants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-41607-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41607-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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