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The role of solid solutions in iron phosphate-based electrodes for selective electrochemical lithium extraction

Author

Listed:
  • Gangbin Yan

    (University of Chicago)

  • George Kim

    (Illinois Institute of Technology)

  • Renliang Yuan

    (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

  • Eli Hoenig

    (University of Chicago)

  • Fengyuan Shi

    (University of Illinois Chicago)

  • Wenxiang Chen

    (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

  • Yu Han

    (University of Chicago)

  • Qian Chen

    (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

  • Jian-Min Zuo

    (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

  • Wei Chen

    (Illinois Institute of Technology)

  • Chong Liu

    (University of Chicago)

Abstract

Electrochemical intercalation can enable lithium extraction from dilute water sources. However, during extraction, co-intercalation of lithium and sodium ions occurs, and the response of host materials to this process is not fully understood. This aspect limits the rational materials designs for improving lithium extraction. Here, to address this knowledge gap, we report one-dimensional (1D) olivine iron phosphate (FePO4) as a model host to investigate the co-intercalation behavior and demonstrate the control of lithium selectivity through intercalation kinetic manipulations. Via computational and experimental investigations, we show that lithium and sodium tend to phase separate in the host. Exploiting this mechanism, we increase the sodium-ion intercalation energy barrier by using partially filled 1D lithium channels via non-equilibrium solid-solution lithium seeding or remnant lithium in the solid-solution phases. The lithium selectivity enhancement after seeding shows a strong correlation with the fractions of solid-solution phases with high lithium content (i.e., LixFePO4 with 0.5 ≤ x

Suggested Citation

  • Gangbin Yan & George Kim & Renliang Yuan & Eli Hoenig & Fengyuan Shi & Wenxiang Chen & Yu Han & Qian Chen & Jian-Min Zuo & Wei Chen & Chong Liu, 2022. "The role of solid solutions in iron phosphate-based electrodes for selective electrochemical lithium extraction," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-32369-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32369-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Michael Hess & Tsuyoshi Sasaki & Claire Villevieille & Petr Novák, 2015. "Combined operando X-ray diffraction–electrochemical impedance spectroscopy detecting solid solution reactions of LiFePO4 in batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-9, November.
    3. Byoungwoo Kang & Gerbrand Ceder, 2009. "Battery materials for ultrafast charging and discharging," Nature, Nature, vol. 458(7235), pages 190-193, March.
    4. M. Armand & J.-M. Tarascon, 2008. "Building better batteries," Nature, Nature, vol. 451(7179), pages 652-657, February.
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