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Divergent trajectories of antiviral memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Listed:
  • Adriana Tomic

    (University of Oxford)

  • Donal T. Skelly

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford)

  • Ane Ogbe

    (University of Oxford)

  • Daniel O’Connor

    (University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Matthew Pace

    (University of Oxford)

  • Emily Adland

    (University of Oxford)

  • Frances Alexander

    (United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Mohammad Ali

    (University of Oxford)

  • Kirk Allott

    (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • M. Azim Ansari

    (University of Oxford)

  • Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer

    (University of Oxford)

  • Sagida Bibi

    (University of Oxford)

  • Luke Blackwell

    (University of Oxford)

  • Anthony Brown

    (University of Oxford)

  • Helen Brown

    (University of Oxford)

  • Breeze Cavell

    (United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck

    (University of Oxford)

  • Thushan Silva

    (University of Sheffield)

  • David Eyre

    (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford)

  • Sheila Lumley

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Amy Flaxman

    (University of Oxford)

  • James Grist

    (University of Oxford)

  • Carl-Philipp Hackstein

    (University of Oxford)

  • Rachel Halkerston

    (United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Adam C. Harding

    (University of Oxford)

  • Jennifer Hill

    (University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Tim James

    (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Cecilia Jay

    (University of Oxford)

  • Síle A. Johnson

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford)

  • Barbara Kronsteiner

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

  • Yolanda Lie

    (Monogram Biosciences LabCorp)

  • Aline Linder

    (University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Stephanie Longet

    (United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down
    University of Oxford)

  • Spyridoula Marinou

    (University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Philippa C. Matthews

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Jack Mellors

    (United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Christos Petropoulos

    (Monogram Biosciences LabCorp)

  • Patpong Rongkard

    (University of Oxford
    Mahidol University)

  • Cynthia Sedik

    (Monogram Biosciences LabCorp)

  • Laura Silva-Reyes

    (University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Holly Smith

    (University of Oxford)

  • Lisa Stockdale

    (University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Stephen Taylor

    (United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Stephen Thomas

    (United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down)

  • Timothy Tipoe

    (University of Oxford)

  • Lance Turtle

    (University of Liverpool
    Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (a member of Liverpool Health Partners))

  • Vinicius Adriano Vieira

    (University of Oxford)

  • Terri Wrin

    (Monogram Biosciences LabCorp)

  • Andrew J. Pollard

    (University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Teresa Lambe

    (University of Oxford)

  • Chris P. Conlon

    (University of Oxford)

  • Katie Jeffery

    (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford)

  • Simon Travis

    (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford)

  • Philip Goulder

    (University of Oxford)

  • John Frater

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

  • Alex J. Mentzer

    (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford)

  • Lizzie Stafford

    (University of Oxford)

  • Miles W. Carroll

    (United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down
    University of Oxford)

  • William S. James

    (University of Oxford)

  • Paul Klenerman

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
    University of Oxford)

  • Eleanor Barnes

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
    University of Oxford)

  • Christina Dold

    (University of Oxford
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre)

  • Susanna J. Dunachie

    (University of Oxford
    Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    University of Oxford
    Mahidol University)

Abstract

The trajectories of acquired immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are not fully understood. We present a detailed longitudinal cohort study of UK healthcare workers prior to vaccination, presenting April-June 2020 with asymptomatic or symptomatic infection. Here we show a highly variable range of responses, some of which (T cell interferon-gamma ELISpot, N-specific antibody) wane over time, while others (spike-specific antibody, B cell memory ELISpot) are stable. We use integrative analysis and a machine-learning approach (SIMON - Sequential Iterative Modeling OverNight) to explore this heterogeneity. We identify a subgroup of participants with higher antibody responses and interferon-gamma ELISpot T cell responses, and a robust trajectory for longer term immunity associates with higher levels of neutralising antibodies against the infecting (Victoria) strain and also against variants B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta). These variable trajectories following early priming may define subsequent protection from severe disease from novel variants.

Suggested Citation

  • Adriana Tomic & Donal T. Skelly & Ane Ogbe & Daniel O’Connor & Matthew Pace & Emily Adland & Frances Alexander & Mohammad Ali & Kirk Allott & M. Azim Ansari & Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer & Sagida Bibi , 2022. "Divergent trajectories of antiviral memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-28898-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28898-1
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