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Influence of Income Level and Seasons on Quantity and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of the Capital City of Pakistan

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  • Amina Zia

    (College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Syeda Adila Batool

    (Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Nawaz Chauhdry

    (College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Soniya Munir

    (Lecturer College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

Abstract

The current study aims to analyze and compare the quantity and composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) at three socio-economic levels of population during all four seasons of the year (spring, summer, monsoon and winter). In this study, 2164.75 kg of MSW was evaluated, from 1260 samples collected from 45 households. The average waste generation was estimated to be 0.6 kg per capita per day. Waste generation rate for high, middle and low income groups was 0.890, 0.612 and 0.346 kg per capita per day, respectively. Nevertheless, season specific analysis indicated waste generation rates of 0.78, 0.58, 0.48 and 0.75 kg per capita per day in spring, summer, monsoon and winter, respectively. A two way ANOVA statistical analysis further illustrated a significant effect ( p = 0.00) of economic level and seasons on the amount and composition of waste generated by the community. Moreover, the collected waste was segregated into 42 categories, where the highest was the organic fraction (57%), then diapers (12%), followed by plastic (8%), cardboard (3%) and paper (2%). The amounts of textile, diapers and plastics were highest in the lowest income group, while tetra packs, metal, paper and yard waste were maximum in the high income group. It is concluded that the high income group generated the highest amount of waste and waste generation rate is higher in the seasons of spring and winter compared to the other two seasons.

Suggested Citation

  • Amina Zia & Syeda Adila Batool & Muhammad Nawaz Chauhdry & Soniya Munir, 2017. "Influence of Income Level and Seasons on Quantity and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of the Capital City of Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:9:p:1568-:d:111042
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Feng, Tian-tian & Yang, Yi-sheng & Xie, Shi-yan & Dong, Jun & Ding, Luo, 2017. "Economic drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 996-1006.
    3. Ayodele, T.R. & Ogunjuyigbe, A.S.O. & Alao, M.A., 2017. "Life cycle assessment of waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies for electricity generation using municipal solid waste in Nigeria," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 200-218.
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    Cited by:

    1. Andreea Simona Saseanu & Rodica-Manuela Gogonea & Simona Ioana Ghita & Radu Şerban Zaharia, 2019. "The Impact of Education and Residential Environment on Long-Term Waste Management Behavior in the Context of Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Jannik Vetter-Gindele & Andreas Braun & Gebhard Warth & Tram Thi Quynh Bui & Felix Bachofer & Ludger Eltrop, 2019. "Assessment of Household Solid Waste Generation and Composition by Building Type in Da Nang, Vietnam," Resources, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Sezen Coskun, 2022. "Zero Waste Management Behavior: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation—A Case Study in Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-11, October.

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