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Are Spatial Planning Objectives Reflected in the Evolution of Urban Landscape Patterns? A Framework for the Evaluation of Spatial Planning Outcomes

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  • Simona R. Grădinaru

    (Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Landscape Dynamics Research Unit, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
    Centre for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, University of Bucharest, 1 Nicolae Bălcescu, 010041 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Cristian Ioan Iojă

    (Centre for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, University of Bucharest, 1 Nicolae Bălcescu, 010041 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Ileana Pătru-Stupariu

    (Institute of Research of University of Bucharest, ICUB, Transdisciplinary Research Centre Landscape-Territory-Information Systems, CeLTIS, Splaiul Independentei nr. 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
    Department of Regional Geography and Environment, Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Bd. N. Bălcescu, 1, 010041 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Anna M. Hersperger

    (Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Landscape Dynamics Research Unit, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland)

Abstract

The evaluation of spatial planning results, or outcomes, has been rather neglected by scholars and practitioners. The causes of this neglect are linked to the characteristics of the planning systems in use or difficulties in quantifying results. To advance the state of the art of outcome evaluation, this paper focuses on assessing the implementation of national spatial planning objectives in urban landscapes through the use of an evaluation framework, which makes use of spatially explicit information. The framework is built around four dimensions, which reflect the main domains of spatial planning: efficient built-up development, conservation of agricultural land, landscape preservation and human perception. Indicators that are capable of capturing landscape changes in both time and space are used to verify the degree of conformance between adopted objectives and actual development patterns. We make use of spatially explicit data, as well as assess whether and where landscape changes occurred, by integrating the framework into a multi-criteria analysis. In the present study, the framework is tested in two study areas located in Switzerland and Romania, while the results are interpreted from the perspective of spatial planning approaches in the two countries. The efficiency and utility of the framework are demonstrated by the ability to provide valuable information that facilitates improvement in the performance of planning processes, such as identifying where the implementation of objectives is less effective, and the domains of affected spatial planning. Our findings indicate that the distance between objectives and outcomes can be attributed to differences in countries’ spatial planning approaches, which should also be placed into the wider economic, institutional and legislative context. Our study provides valuable insights for the integration of time series of spatial data into the evaluation procedure.

Suggested Citation

  • Simona R. Grădinaru & Cristian Ioan Iojă & Ileana Pătru-Stupariu & Anna M. Hersperger, 2017. "Are Spatial Planning Objectives Reflected in the Evolution of Urban Landscape Patterns? A Framework for the Evaluation of Spatial Planning Outcomes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:8:p:1279-:d:105837
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    20. Hossu, Constantina Alina & Ioja, Ioan Cristian & Nita, Mihai R. & Hartel, Tibor & Badiu, Denisa L. & Hersperger, Anna M., 2017. "Need for a cross-sector approach in protected area management," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 586-597.

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