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Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contamination in Industrial Wastewater Irrigated Areas Using Sugar Beet ( Brassica oleracea L.)

Author

Listed:
  • Ilker Ugulu

    (Faculty of Education, Usak University, Usak 64000, Turkey)

  • Shehnaz Bibi

    (Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan)

  • Zafar Iqbal Khan

    (Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan)

  • Kafeel Ahmad

    (Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan)

  • Mudasra Munir

    (Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan)

  • Ifra Saleem Malik

    (Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan)

  • Abid Ejaz

    (Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
    School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China)

  • Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei

    (Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

In Pakistan, wastewater such as industrial and urban wastewater is widely used for agricultural irrigation despite its chemical and pollutant content. In this respect, it is important to determine the risks of heavy metal accumulation in various agricultural products and the risks to human health. The aims of this study were to assess the heavy metal(loid)s contamination in soil and sugar beet samples and to assess the health risks of heavy metal(loid)s to the population via the consumption of sugar beet. The heavy metal(loid) values in the wastewater-irrigated soil samples ranged from 0.260 to 4.053 mg/kg, and wastewater-irrigated sugar beet samples ranged from 0.051 to 1.666 mg/kg. In contrast to Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr and Zn, which appeared to pose a health risk, Pb, Co, and Cr had Health Risk Index (HRI) values lower than 1.0 and did not appear to pose a threat to human health. Cd accumulation with HRI values over 1 (144.8) indicated that this metal is likely to have a major negative impact on local health.

Suggested Citation

  • Ilker Ugulu & Shehnaz Bibi & Zafar Iqbal Khan & Kafeel Ahmad & Mudasra Munir & Ifra Saleem Malik & Abid Ejaz & Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, 2023. "Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contamination in Industrial Wastewater Irrigated Areas Using Sugar Beet ( Brassica oleracea L.)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9694-:d:1173022
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Deh-Haghi, Zoherh & Bagheri, Asghar & Fotourehchi, Zahra & Damalas, Christos A., 2020. "Farmers’ acceptance and willingness to pay for using treated wastewater in crop irrigation: A survey in western Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
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