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The Green Lung: National Parks and Air Quality in Italian Municipalities

Author

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  • Leonardo Becchetti

    (Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Gabriele Beccari

    (Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
    Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy)

  • Gianluigi Conzo

    (Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Davide De Santis

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Pierluigi Conzo

    (Department of Economics and Statistics “Cognetti de Martiis”, University of Turin, 10153 Torino, Italy
    Collegio Carlo Alberto, University of Turin, 10122 Torino, Italy)

  • Francesco Salustri

    (Department of Economics, Roma Tre University, 00145 Rome, Italy
    Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1N 1DP, UK)

Abstract

In Italy, 25 percent of the 7903 municipalities include protected areas, while 6.4 percent—which we define as park municipalities—are national parks. Using data from the Copernicus programme databases, we investigated the relationship between park municipalities and the air quality, and we found that the air pollution levels in these areas were much lower than in the rest of the municipalities for the period 2017–2020. The gross difference ranged from 25 to 30 percent lower levels of particulate matter (as measured in terms of both PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), and three times lower levels of nitrogen dioxide. In our multivariate econometric analysis, we found that part of this difference depends on the lower population density and manufacturing activity in municipalities with national parks. Furthermore, we showed that park municipalities: (i) had progressively reduced levels of particulate matter during the period 2017–2020, and (ii) had a “green lung” function, since in non-park municipalities’ air pollution levels increased with the distance from national parks. Based on empirical evidence on the impact of the main air pollutants on mortality documented in the literature, we calculated that living in park municipalities reduces mortality rates by around 10 percent.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonardo Becchetti & Gabriele Beccari & Gianluigi Conzo & Davide De Santis & Pierluigi Conzo & Francesco Salustri, 2023. "The Green Lung: National Parks and Air Quality in Italian Municipalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:10:p:7802-:d:1143400
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Keiser, David A. & Lade, Gabriel E. & Rudik, Ivan, 2018. "Air pollution and visitation at U.S. national parks," ISU General Staff Papers 201807180700001621, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    2. Vemuri, Amanda W. & Costanza, Robert, 2006. "The role of human, social, built, and natural capital in explaining life satisfaction at the country level: Toward a National Well-Being Index (NWI)," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 119-133, June.
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