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Ammonium and Phosphate Recovery from Biogas Slurry: Multivariate Statistical Analysis Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Aftab Ali Kubar

    (Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China)

  • Qing Huang

    (Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China)

  • Kashif Ali Kubar

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Science, Uthal 90150, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Amjad Khan

    (Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China)

  • Muhammad Sajjad

    (Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China)

  • Sumaira Gul

    (Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China)

  • Chen Yang

    (Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China)

  • Qingqing Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China)

  • Genmao Guo

    (Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China)

  • Ghulam Mustafa Kubar

    (Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China)

  • Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar

    (Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam, Hyderabad 70060, Pakistan)

  • Niaz Ahmed Wahocho

    (Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam, Hyderabad 70060, Pakistan)

Abstract

Livestock biogas slurry is an effluent containing nutrients such as ammonium and phosphate that are released by the industries. Therefore, recovery and reuse of ammonium and phosphorus is highly necessary. In recent years, many studies have been devoted to the use of different multivariate statistical analyses to investigate the interrelationship of one factor to another factor. The overall objective of this research study was to understand the significance of phosphate and ammonium recovery from biogas slurry using the multivariate statistical approach. This study was conducted using a range of salts that are commonly found in biogas slurry (ZnCl 2 , FeCl 3 , FeCl 2 , CuCl 2 , Na 2 CO 3 , and NaHCO 3 ). Experiments with a biogas digester and aqueous solution were conducted at pH 9, with integration with NH 4 + , Mg 2+ , and PO 4 3− molar ratios of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively. The removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate increased from 15.0% to 71.0% and 18.0% to 99.0%, respectively, by increasing the dose of respective ions K + , Zn 2+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , and CO 3 2− . The elements were increased from 58.0 to 71.0 for HCO 3 − , with the concentration increasing from 30 mg L −1 to 240 mg L −1 . Principal component, regression, path analysis, and Pearson correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationships of phosphate and ammonium recovery under different biochar, pyrolysis temperature, element concentration and removal efficiencies. Multivariate statistical analysis was also used to comprehensively evaluate the biochar and struvite effects on recovery of ammonium and phosphate from biogas slurry. The results showed that combined study of multivariate statistics suggested that all the indicators positively or negatively affected each other. Pearson correlation was insignificant in many ionic concentrations, as all were more than the significant 0.05. The study concluded that temperature, biochar type, and varying levels of components, such as K + , Zn 2+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , CO 3 2− , and HCO 3 − , all had a substantial impact on P and NH 4 + recovery. Temperature and varying amounts of metal salts enhanced the efficacy of ammonium and phosphate recovery. This research elucidated the methods by which biochar effectively reuses nitrogen and phosphate from biogas slurry, presenting a long-term agricultural solution.

Suggested Citation

  • Aftab Ali Kubar & Qing Huang & Kashif Ali Kubar & Muhammad Amjad Khan & Muhammad Sajjad & Sumaira Gul & Chen Yang & Qingqing Wang & Genmao Guo & Ghulam Mustafa Kubar & Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar & Niaz Ah, 2022. "Ammonium and Phosphate Recovery from Biogas Slurry: Multivariate Statistical Analysis Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5617-:d:810034
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    References listed on IDEAS

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