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Agriculture and Pollinating Insects, No Longer a Choice but a Need: EU Agriculture’s Dependence on Pollinators in the 2007–2019 Period

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  • Giuseppe Bugin

    (LEAF—Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Lucia Lenzi

    (DISTAL—Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy)

  • Giulia Ranzani

    (LEAF—Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Luigino Barisan

    (Cirve—Interdepartmental Research Center for Oenology and Viticulture, University of Padua, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015 - Conegliano, Italy luigino.barisan@unipd.it)

  • Claudio Porrini

    (DISTAL—Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy)

  • Augusto Zanella

    (LEAF—Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

  • Cristian Bolzonella

    (LEAF—Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy)

Abstract

One of the new objectives laid out by the European Union’s Common Agriculture Policy is increasing environmental sustainability. In this paper we compare the degree of average dependence index for each member state (ADIMS) in EU28 from 2007 to 2019 in order to verify the following: (1) whether there was a difference in this index when comparing two CAP periods—(a) from 2007 to 2013 and (b) from 2014 to 2019—and (2) which crops had a larger effect on the ADIMS. The study showed no significant variation in the average ADIMS at EU level between the first (2007–2013) and second (2014–2019) CAP periods. The AIDMS index highlighted three types of EU agriculture: (1) agriculture in Eastern Europe, including Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, characterized by a high level of ADIMS (10.7–22) due to the widespread cultivation of oil crops as rapeseed and sunflower; (2) Mediterranean agriculture including Portugal, Spain, Italy, Croatia, Greece, Malta, Cyprus and France with lower AIDMS levels (5.3–10.3) given their heterogeneous crop portfolios with different degrees of dependence on animal pollination (almond, soy, rapeseed, sunflower and tomatoes) and (3) continental agriculture including Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Baltic countries, Benelux, Finland, Sweden and Ireland, which are characterized by the lowest ADIMS level (0.7–10.6) due to the widespread cultivation of cereals (anemophily and self-pollination) which increase the denominator of the index. The study suggests that a sustainable management of the agroecosystem will be possible in the future only if CAP considers pollinators’ requirements by quantifying the timing and spatial food availability from cultivated and uncultivated areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Giuseppe Bugin & Lucia Lenzi & Giulia Ranzani & Luigino Barisan & Claudio Porrini & Augusto Zanella & Cristian Bolzonella, 2022. "Agriculture and Pollinating Insects, No Longer a Choice but a Need: EU Agriculture’s Dependence on Pollinators in the 2007–2019 Period," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:3644-:d:775407
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Manuela Giovanetti & Sergio Albertazzi & Simone Flaminio & Rosa Ranalli & Laura Bortolotti & Marino Quaranta, 2021. "Pollination in Agroecosystems: A Review of the Conceptual Framework with a View to Sound Monitoring," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Gallai, Nicola & Salles, Jean-Michel & Settele, Josef & Vaissière, Bernard E., 2009. "Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 810-821, January.
    3. Gallai, Nicola & Salles, Jean-Michel & Settele, Josef & Vaissière, Bernard E., 2009. "Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 810-821, January.
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    1. Andra Lovasz & Nicu Cornel Sabau & Ioana Borza & Radu Brejea, 2023. "Production and Quality of Biodiesel under the Influence of a Rapeseed Fertilization System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-27, April.

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