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Impact and Recovery of Coastal Tourism Amid COVID-19: Tourism Flow Networks in Indonesia

Author

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  • Xingshan Wang

    (School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
    School of Culture Industry and Tourism Management, Sanjiang University, Nanjing 210012, China)

  • Lu Tang

    (School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
    School of Business, Shenyang City University, Shenyang 110112, China)

  • Wei Chen

    (School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Jianxin Zhang

    (School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China)

Abstract

This study aims to explore tourism changes in coastal tourism destinations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of regional resilience. A mixed method of a social network and spatial analysis was used to evaluate inbound tourists’ geotagged photos of Indonesia on Flickr from 2018–2022 as metadata. The DBSCAN algorithm and Markov chains were used to comprehensively analyze the hotspot areas and the patterns of tourism movement trajectories amid a complicated recovery. The results demonstrate that: (1) The distribution of geotagged photos before and during the pandemic generally exhibited stage and regional unevenness. The main clusters were Java and the Nusa Tenggara Islands, with the rest displaying a scattered distribution. (2) The tourism flow network was unevenly distributed, and the nodes had obvious core and edge areas. Owing to the crisis, the tourism flow network realized a change in form from network to line and point. (3) Its impact on Indonesian inbound tourism may persist in the short term, and the volatility of national anti-pandemic policies influences the resilience of tourism flow during COVID-19. The dominance of the core nodes highlights the network’s resistance to disruptions due to the prominence of the location of network connections during the pandemic, and marginal nodes reflect the vulnerability to pandemic shocks owing to the hypocentricity of the nodes and the thinness of the connections within and outside the islands. These results provide marketing and promotion policies for the sustainable development of coastal areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Xingshan Wang & Lu Tang & Wei Chen & Jianxin Zhang, 2022. "Impact and Recovery of Coastal Tourism Amid COVID-19: Tourism Flow Networks in Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:20:p:13480-:d:946769
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Windi Dwi Nanda & Ida Widianingsih & Ahmad Zaini Miftah, 2023. "The Linkage of Digital Transformation and Tourism Development Policies in Indonesia from 1879–2022: Trends and Implications for the Future," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-24, June.

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