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Acidified Carbon with Variable Irrigation Sources Impact on Rice Growth and Yield under Cd Toxic Alkaline Soil Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Niaz Ahmed

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Ali Raza Shah

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Subhan Danish

    (Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
    Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic)

  • Khadiga Alharbi

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia)

  • Rahul Datta

    (Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic)

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the potential carcinogenic toxins for humans, plants, and animals. Higher uptake of Cd in plants causes a significant reduction in productivity that can be remediated using organic amendments. Biochar can absorb Cd and decrease its toxicity. However, the high pH of biochar minimizes its adaptation as an amendment in alkaline soils. As Cd is highly soluble in water, its uptake in rice is a major issue. That is why the current experiment was conducted to examine chemically produced acidified carbon (AC) effectiveness in alleviating Cd-induced stress in rice. There were three levels of Cd (0, 4, and 8 mg kg −1 soil) applied with three levels of AC (0, 0.5, and 1%) for the cultivation of rice irrigated with ground water (GW) and waste water irrigation (WW). Results confirmed that applying 1% AC improved plant height, spike length, and 1000 grains weight over 0% AC under GW and WW irrigations at 8 mg Cd kg −1 soil (8Cd) toxicity. A significant increase in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance by 1% AC validated its effectiveness in alleviating 8Cd stress in rice under GW and WW. Overall, 1% AC is an effective amendment in alleviating Cd toxicity in rice irrigated with GW and WW at 8Cd. More investigations are recommended at the field level to declare 1% AC as the most effective application rate for mitigating Cd stress in rice.

Suggested Citation

  • Niaz Ahmed & Ali Raza Shah & Subhan Danish & Khadiga Alharbi & Rahul Datta, 2022. "Acidified Carbon with Variable Irrigation Sources Impact on Rice Growth and Yield under Cd Toxic Alkaline Soil Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-29, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:16:p:10086-:d:888471
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Subhan Danish & Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye & Shah Fahad & Shah Saud & Martin Brtnicky & Tereza Hammerschmiedt & Rahul Datta, 2020. "Drought Stress Alleviation by ACC Deaminase Producing Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Enterobacter cloacae , with and without Timber Waste Biochar in Maize," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Sadaf Hashmi & Uzma Younis & Subhan Danish & Tariq Muhammad Munir, 2019. "Pongamia pinnata L. Leaves Biochar Increased Growth and Pigments Syntheses in Pisum sativum L. Exposed to Nutritional Stress," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-13, July.
    3. M. Qadir & A. Ghafoor & G. Murtaza & G. MURTAZA, 2000. "Cadmium Concentration in Vegetables Grown on Urban Soils Irrigated with Untreated Municipal Sewage," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 13-21, March.
    4. Shi-Xiang Zhao & Na Ta & Xu-Dong Wang, 2017. "Effect of Temperature on the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Biochar with Apple Tree Branches as Feedstock Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-15, August.
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    Cited by:

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