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Strengthening Gender Responsiveness of the Green Climate Fund Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Programme in Namibia

Author

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  • Margaret Ndapewa Angula

    (Department of Geography, History and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Namibia, P/Bag 13301, Pioneerspark, Windhoek 10023, Namibia)

  • Immaculate Mogotsi

    (Gender Training and Research Programme, Multi-Disciplinary Research Centre, University of Namibia, P/Bag 13301, Pioneerspark, Windhoek 10023, Namibia)

  • Selma Lendelvo

    (Life Science Division, Multi-Disciplinary Research Centre, University of Namibia, P/Bag 13301, Pioneerspark, Windhoek 10023, Namibia)

  • Karl Mutani Aribeb

    (Environmental Investment Fund of Namibia, P.O. Box 28157, Auas Valley, Windhoek 10018, Namibia)

  • Aina-Maria Iteta

    (Environmental Investment Fund of Namibia, P.O. Box 28157, Auas Valley, Windhoek 10018, Namibia)

  • Jessica P. R. Thorn

    (Department of Environment and Geography, York Institute of Tropical Ecosystems, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK
    African Climate and Development Initiative, Upper Campus, University of Cape Town, Geological Sciences Building Level 6, 13 Library Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa)

Abstract

Scholars of gender and climate change argue that gender-blind climate change actions could exacerbate existing inequalities and undermine sustained climate change adaptation actions. For this reason, since 2017, the Green Climate Fund placed gender among its key programming prerequisites, making it the first multilateral climate fund to do so worldwide. However, to date, no lessons to inform planned gender-responsive ecosystem-based interventions in Namibia have been drawn from community-based natural resource management. Thus, this paper aims to share key lessons regarding the way in which gender assessment is useful in enhancing equity in an ecosystem-based adaptation programme for the Green Climate Fund. To this end, we conducted in-depth interviews and group discussions in the 14 rural regions of Namibia with 151 participants from 107 community-based natural resource management organisations (73.5:26.5; male:female ratio). The results identified gender imbalances in leadership and decision-making due to intersecting historic inequalities, ethnicity and geography, as well as other socio-cultural factors in local community-based natural resource management institutions. We also identified income disparities and unequal opportunities to diversify livelihoods, gendered differentiated impacts of climate change and meaningful participation in public forums. Overall, the assessment indicates that considering gender analysis at the initiation of a community-based climate change adaptation project is crucial for achieving resilience to climate change, closing the gender gap, building capacity to increase equity and empowering women in resource-dependent environments in Namibia and Sub-Saharan Africa more broadly.

Suggested Citation

  • Margaret Ndapewa Angula & Immaculate Mogotsi & Selma Lendelvo & Karl Mutani Aribeb & Aina-Maria Iteta & Jessica P. R. Thorn, 2021. "Strengthening Gender Responsiveness of the Green Climate Fund Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Programme in Namibia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:18:p:10162-:d:633177
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nazmul Huq & Antje Bruns & Lars Ribbe & Saleemul Huq, 2017. "Mainstreaming Ecosystem Services Based Climate Change Adaptation (EbA) in Bangladesh: Status, Challenges and Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-20, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ephias Mugari & Nthaduleni Samuel Nethengwe, 2022. "Mainstreaming Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Towards a Sustainable and Just Transition in Local Development Planning in Rural South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Adam P. Hejnowicz & Jessica P. R. Thorn, 2022. "Environmental Policy Design and Implementation: Toward a Sustainable Society," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-10, March.
    3. Marina Kovaleva & Walter Leal Filho & Christian Borgemeister & Jokastah Wanzuu Kalungu, 2022. "Understanding Needs and Potentials for Gender-Balanced Empowerment and Leadership in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-27, August.

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