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Adaptive or Absent: A Critical Review of Building System Resilience in the LEED Rating System

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  • Danielle De Castro

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Campus Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

  • Amy Kim

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Campus Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

Abstract

Since people living in developed nations across Europe, North America, and Australia spend most of their lives indoors, protecting indoor environmental quality is critical for protecting human health. As stressors such as COVID-19 and climate change further complicate living conditions, conflicting system priorities underscore the need for resilience in all building systems. In the engineering and architectural fields, sustainability rating frameworks are used to note, reward, and motivate the use of sustainable practices. As such, it is crucial to ensure that these frameworks genuinely encourage resilience in building systems. This paper conducts a review of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design–Building Design and Construction (LEED BD+C v4.1) framework for New Construction through a credit-level analysis, to determine the extent to which the framework encourages the resilience of building systems beyond the scope of structure. Researchers identified, tabulated, and deconstructed relevant credits according to four key resilience factors: diversity, efficiency, adaptability, and cohesion. Findings indicated that, while efficiency is well supported, diversity, adaptability, and cohesion can be enhanced. The existing rating system provides a strong base upon which improvements can be made, but falls short of adequately encouraging the wide adoption of resilience needed for long-term sustainability. In short, while the LEED credits do reward resilient designs, they do not yet actively inspire them.

Suggested Citation

  • Danielle De Castro & Amy Kim, 2021. "Adaptive or Absent: A Critical Review of Building System Resilience in the LEED Rating System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-10, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:6697-:d:574088
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giuseppe Barbaro & Marcelo Gomes Miguez & Matheus Martins de Sousa & Anna Beatriz Ribeiro da Cruz Franco & Paula Morais Canedo de Magalhães & Giandomenico Foti & Matheus Rocha Valadão & Irene Occhiuto, 2021. "Innovations in Best Practices: Approaches to Managing Urban Areas and Reducing Flood Risk in Reggio Calabria (Italy)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, March.
    2. Ali Amiri & Juudit Ottelin & Jaana Sorvari, 2019. "Are LEED-Certified Buildings Energy-Efficient in Practice?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Mikhail Chester & Mounir El Asmar & Samantha Hayes & Cheryl Desha, 2021. "Post-Disaster Infrastructure Delivery for Resilience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-18, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Licia Felicioni & Antonín Lupíšek & Jacopo Gaspari, 2023. "Exploring the Common Ground of Sustainability and Resilience in the Building Sector: A Systematic Literature Review and Analysis of Building Rating Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Ziyi Wang & Zengqiao Chen & Cuiping Ma & Ronald Wennersten & Qie Sun, 2022. "Nationwide Evaluation of Urban Energy System Resilience in China Using a Comprehensive Index Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-36, February.
    3. Farzaneh Karimi & Nima Valibeig & Gholamhossein Memarian & Aliakbar Kamari, 2022. "Sustainability Rating Systems for Historic Buildings: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, September.
    4. Moghadam, Talie T. & Ochoa Morales, Carlos E. & Lopez Zambrano, Maria J. & Bruton, Ken & O'Sullivan, Dominic T.J., 2023. "Energy efficient ventilation and indoor air quality in the context of COVID-19 - A systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).

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